STRENGTHENING

HUMAN RIGHTS •Upholding Women's Rights

•Women in Peace Building
•Corporal Punishment
WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS?

Human rights are inherent to us all, regardless of nationality,

sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or
any other status.
 WOMEN'S RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS

We are all entitled to human rights. These include the right

to live free from violence and discrimination; to enjoy the
highest attainable standard of physical and mental health;
to be educated; to own property; to vote; and to earn an
equal wage.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

⚬ Adopted in 1945, the Charter of the United Nations sets

out as one of its goals “to reaffirm faith in fundamental
human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human
person, [and] in the equal rights of men and women”.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

•Article 1 of the Charter stipulates that one of the

purposes of the United Nations is to promote respect for
human rights and fundamental freedoms “without
distinction as to race, sex, language or religion”.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE

Women’s suffrage, also called woman suffrage, the

right of women by law to vote in national or local
elections.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE

In 1893 New Zealand became the first country to give

women the right to vote on a national level.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE

In the period 1914–39, women in 28 additional

countries acquired either equal voting rights with men
or the right to vote in national elections.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE
Those countries included Soviet Russia (1917); Canada, Germany,
Austria, and Poland (1918); Czechoslovakia (1919); the United States and
Hungary (1920); Great Britain (1918 and 1928); Burma (Myanmar;
1922); Ecuador (1929); South Africa (1930); Brazil, Uruguay, and
Thailand (1932); Turkey and Cuba (1934); and the Philippines (1937).
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE

The United Nations Convention on the Political Rights of Women,

adopted in 1952, provides that “women shall be entitled to vote in
all elections on equal terms with men, without any discrimination.”
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS

Every woman and girl has sexual and reproductive rights . This
means they are entitled to equal access to health services like
contraception and safe abortions, to choose if, when, and who they
marry, and to decide if they want to have children and if so how
many, when and with who.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
The right to freedom of movement includes the right to move freely
within a country for those who are lawfully within the country, the
right to leave any country and the right to enter a country of which
you are a citizen.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

⚬In 1967, United Nations Member

States adopted the Declaration on
the Elimination of Discrimination
against Women.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

⚬The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women was adopted by the
General Assembly in 1979. Its preamble explains that,
despite the existence of other instruments, women still do
not enjoy equal rights with men.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

⚬ The Convention articulates the nature and

meaning of sex-based discrimination, and lays
out State obligations to eliminate discrimination
and achieve substantive equality.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

⚬The specific obligations of States to eliminate

discrimination against women in political, social,
economic and cultural fields.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

⚬The Convention covers both civil and political

rights and economic, social and cultural rights
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

⚬The Convention also pays specific attention to particular

phenomena such as trafficking, to certain groups of women, for
instance rural women, and to specific matters where there are
special risks to women’s full enjoyment of their human rights,
for example marriage and the family.
UPHOLDING WOMEN'S RIGHTS

WOMEN IN PEACE
BUILDING
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

⚬The presence of women in positions of

leadership can greatly reduce the likelihood of
violent conflict emerging as well as the
prospects for the peaceful resolution of
existing conflicts.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

⚬Research has shown that countries with

greater gender equality are more likely to
resolve conflicts without violence and are less
likely to use military force to resolve
international disputes.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

●United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 in October 2000,

“urges Member States to ensure increased representation of women at
all decision-making levels in national, regional and international
institutions and mechanisms for the prevention, management, and
resolution of conflict.”
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

UN Member States

- the higher levels of gender evidence

equality are directly related to increased levels
of security and stability.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

Women’s participation in formal peace processes

remains low

-Between 1992 and 2019, women

constituted, on average, just 13 percent of
negotiators, 6 percent of mediators, and 6
percent of signatories in major peace
processes around the world.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

Peace efforts in 2020 reflected this struggle to include

women. For example, women represented only around
10 percent of negotiators in the Afghan talks, just 20
percent of negotiators in Libya’s political discussions,
and 0 percent of negotiators in Libya’s military talks
and Yemen’s recent process.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

In 2021, women did contribute as lead mediators in

two of the five active UN-led or co-led processes
(the Geneva International Discussions and the
Libyan dialogue). Women accounted for 43 percent
of the staff on United Nations mediation support
teams in 2021.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

These are the following women who have made significant contributions
to peace-building through their activism, advocacy, and leadership roles:

Leymah Gbowee
• is a Liberian peace activist responsible for
leading a women's nonviolent peace
movement, Women of Liberia Mass Action for
Peace that helped bring an end to the
Second Liberian Civil War in 2003.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

Tawakkol Karman
• A Yemeni journalist, politician, and
human rights activist Born on
February 7, 1979, in Taiz, Yemen.
• Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in
2011, becoming the first Yemeni, the
first Arab woman, and the second
Muslim woman to receive the honor.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

• is a Liberian politician who served as
the 24th president of Liberia from
2006 to 2018. Sirleaf was the first
elected female head of state in
Africa.
WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING

Gauri Ma
Born as Ma Yogin Ma, in 1857
Embarked on a spiritual quest, seeking
guidance from Swami Vivekananda in
1903.
Took monastic vows and became a
disciple of Swami Trigunatitananda.
• Devoted her life to serving others and
helping the poor.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

• Corporal Punishment
-is defined by the UN Committee on the Rights
of the Child as “any punishment in which
physical force is used and intended to cause
some degree of pain or discomfort, however
light.”
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

• In a broad sense, the term also

denotes the physical disciplining of
children in the schools and at home.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

According to the Committee, this mostly involves hitting

(smacking, slapping, spanking) children with a hand or
implement (whip, stick, belt, shoe, wooden spoon or similar)
but it can also involve, for example, kicking, shaking or
throwing children, scratching, pinching, biting, pulling hair or
boxing ears, forcing children to stay in uncomfortable
positions, burning, scalding or forced ingestion.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

•UNICEF’s data from nationally representative surveys in

56 countries 2005–2013 show that approximately 6 out of
10 children aged 2–14 years experienced corporal
punishment by adults in their households in the past
month.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

On average, 17% of children experienced severe

physical punishment (being hit on the head, face or
ears or hit hard and repeatedly) but in some
countries this figure exceeds 40%.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

•Some countries where rates among boys are higher

than girls.
•Young children (aged 2–4 years) and children (aged 5–
14 years) exposed to physical punishment, including
harsh forms.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

•Physical disciplinary methods

are used even with very young
children – comparable surveys
conducted in 29 countries 2012–
2016 show that 3 in 10 children
aged 12–23 months are
subjected to spanking.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

•One in 2 children aged 6–17 years (732

million) live in countries where corporal
punishment at school is not fully
prohibited.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

• Studies have shown that lifetime

prevalence of school corporal punishment
was above 70% in Africa and Central
America.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

⚬60% in the WHO Regions of Eastern

Mediterranean and South-East Asia

⚬ 40% in Africa and South-East Asia

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

⚬Lower rates were found in the

WHO Western Pacific Region, with
lifetime and past year prevalence
around 25%.
In Philippines…

●RA 7610 “ Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse,

Exploitation, and Discrimination Act”

● House Bill 8306 and House Bill 1269

● DepEd Order(DO) No. 40, s. 2012 or the DepEd Child Protection

Policy (CPP)
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

⚬Physical punishment appeared to be highly

prevalent at both primary and secondary
school levels
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

⚬Corporal punishment triggers harmful

psychological and physiological responses.
Children not only experience pain, sadness, fear,
anger, shame and guilt, but feeling threatened also
leads to physiological stress and the activation of
neural pathways that support dealing with danger.
Thank YOU