Parts of Transformer

CORE
WINDINGS
 INSULATION
• Insulation between core laminations- Varnish
• Insulation between HV and LV windings- Paper, cotton, Synthetic
material
• Insulation between Windings and Core- Paper, cotton, Synthetic material
MAIN TANK

Functions:
• As a container of every parts of a
transformer inside it,
• Container for oil, and
• Protect the core and windings from any
external effects.
TRANSFORMER OIL
• Hydro-carbon mineral oil that is formed
from olefins, paraffin, naphthene, and
aromatics are used as transformer oil.
• A transformer oil gives insulation
between the conductor elements inside
it, produces better heat dissipation, and
increases detection against faults.
• Transformer oil has a density of 0.96
kg/cm3, a flashpoint of 310 degrees
Celsius, and a relative permeability of
2.7.
TRANSFORMER TAP CHANGER
• Transformers’ secondary voltage can
be changed using tap changers. They
are made to adjust the transformer’s
turn ratio as needed. On-load tap
changers and Off-load tap changers
are the two different categories of tap
changers.
• On-load tap changers can function
while the current is still flowing to the
load, whereas off-load tap changers
can only function when the transformer
is not supplying any loads. There are
also automatic tap changers available.
CONSERVATOR
• The function of the oil conservator tank is
to provide adequate space for the
expansion and contraction of transformer
oil according to the variation in the
ambient temperature of transformer oil
inside the main tank.
• It is a cylindrical drum-type structure
installed on the top of the main tank of the
transformer. It is connected to the main
tank through a pipe and a Buchholz relay
mounted on the pipe.
• A level indicator is also installed on the oil
conservator to indicate the quantity of oil
inside the conservator tank. It is normally
half-filled with transformer oil.
BREATHER
• The breather is a cylindrical container filled
with silica gel and directly connected to the
conservator tank of the transformer.
• The main function of the breather is to
supply moisture-free fresh air to the
conservator tank during the expansion and
contraction of transformer oil.
• This is because the transformer oil when
reacting with moisture can affect the
insulation and cause an internal fault in a
transformer. That’s why the air entering in
conservator tank should be moisture-
free for a better life of transformer oil.
EXPLOSION VENT
• An explosion vent serves as an emergency
outlet for air and oil gases.
• It is a metallic pipe that is held just above
the conservator tank and has a diaphragm
at one end.
• When there is an oil leak, the pressure
inside the tank might reach deadly heights.
Under these conditions, the transformer’s
diaphragm ruptures at a relatively low
pressure, releasing internal forces into the
atmosphere.
• Explosion vent is installed above the
conservator tank. It is used to expel boiling
hot oil from the transformer when internal
faults occur to prevent the transformer from
TRANSFORMER BUSHINGS AND
TERMINALS
• Bushing is used as an insulation between
induced voltage from windings inside the
transformer to deliver it to the power grid.
• This will minimize the contact risk with the
atmosphere and cause a short circuit.
• Bushing is usually made from ceramic.
Bushing also gives insulation between
conductor and earthed tank.
• The transformer’s terminals are mounted to
the bushings.
• Bushings are the insulator that isolate the
terminals from the tank.
BUCHHOLZ RELAY
• Buchholz relay is the most important part of a
power transformer rated at more than 500kVA.
• It is a gas-actuated relay mounted on the pipe
connecting the main tank and conservator
tank. T
• The function of the Buchholz relay is to protect
the transformer from all internal faults.
• When a short circuit occurs in winding it
generates enough heat to decompose
transformer oil into gases ( hydrogen, carbon
monoxide, methane, etc.). These gases move
toward the conservator tank through a
connecting pipe, and then due to these gases,
the Buchholz relay gets activated. It sends a
signal to trip and alarm circuits and activates it.
Then circuit breaker disconnects the
RADIATOR AND FANS
• Heat is produced as a result of the power that is
lost in the transformer.
• The majority of dry transformers are naturally
air-cooled.
• Yet there are numerous cooling techniques
used for transformers submerged in oil.
• Radiators and cooling fans are positioned on
the transformer tank depending on the kVA
rating, power losses, and level of cooling
requirements.
• The transformer oil surrounding the core and
winding absorbs the heat produced there.
• The radiator is where this heat is expelled.
Forced cooling is accomplished in larger
transformers with the use of cooling fans
mounted on the radiators.