TRANSFORME

R
PRIYANSI JAIN
12 (B)
12210
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, the original and genuine investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and related data collection and investigation has been completed solely,
sincerely and satisfactorily by Priyansi Jain of grade: XII (B), Roll No: 12210 for the academic session
2022-23 ,regarding the investigatory project entitled “TRANSFORMER” for PHYSICS department
Under the guidance of the undersigned as per the requirement of the ALL INDIA SENIOR
SECONDARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (AISSCE)

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
I thank almighty god for his blessings to complete the project on time.
My sincere gratitude towards Sri. Viswanathan Sir, principal for his
constant support.
I express my heartful gratitude towards Mr. Dhananjay Parker ,our Physics
teacher for his constant support and enthusiasm.
My parents along with my Grandparents needs a huge hand of thanks for trusting and supporting me
along with my classmates and friends. This project might not have been a success without the help of
officers of various authorities concerned ,farmers and local people. A huge thanks to all of them.

THANKS TO ALL THOSE WHO TRUSTED, BELIEVED AND SUPPORTED ME TO

COMPLETE THIS PROJECT ON TIME.
INDEX
TOPIC PAGE NO.

COVERPAGE 1

CERTIFICATE 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

INDEX 4,5

INTRODUCTION 6,7

THEORY 8

CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING 9,10,11

TYPES OF TRANSFORMER 12-15

PICTURES 16-17

EFFICIENCY AND IDEAL TRANSFORMER 18-19

USES OF TRANSFORMER 20

BIBLOGRAPHY 21

CONCLUSION 22
 INTRODUCTI
ON
-A transformer is a device that raises or lowers the input AC
Voltage.
-A transformer is based on the principle of “Mutual Induction”
according to the principle, the amount of magnetic flux linked
with the coil changing, an EMF is induced in the cell.
- A transformer is a electrical device which is used for changing
AC voltages. It is widely used device used in both low and high
current circuit.
PICTURES
THEORY

When an alternating EMF is supplied to the primary coil p1 p2 , an

alternating current starts falling in it . The AC in the primary
produces a changing magnetic flux , which induces alternating
voltage in the primary as well as in secondary. In good-
transformer, whole of the magnetic flux linked with primary is also
linked with secondary, and then EMF is induced in each turn of the
secondary and is equal to the induced in each turn of the primary.
CONTRUCTION
AND WORKING
It consists of two coils having large
no. of turns of insulated copper
wire wounded over thin laminated
soft iron sheets. The two coils are
coupled with each other so that
100% flux linkage between them.
When input AC is fed to primary,
the magnetic flux linked with the
secondary also changes and by
mutual induction an EMF is
induced in the secondary
The transformer works on the principle of Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction and mutual induction.
There are usually two coils primary coil and secondary coil on
the transformer core. The two coils have high mutual inductance.
When an alternating current pass through the primary coil it
creates a varying magnetic flux. As per faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction, this change in magnetic flux induces
an EMF in the secondary coil which is linked to the core having
a primary coil. This is mutual induction.
 TYPES OF TRANSFORMER

STEP UP STEP DOWN

TRANSFORME TRANSFORME
R R
STEP UP TRANSFORMER

The secondary output voltage is

higher than the input voltage
Number of tuns in the primary
coil is less then the secondary.
 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
These transformers are used to convert
high voltage primary supply to low
voltage secondary output. Number of
turns in the primary coil is more than
that of secondary coil.
 STEP DOWN STEP UP
TRANSFORME TRANSFORME
R R
ecreases the input -It raises the input
ge. voltage.
of turns of primary coil -No. of turns of primary coi
ore than secondary. is more than secondary.
Ns Ns>Np
 EFFICIENCY
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as the ratio of output power to the input
power.
i.e.
Efficiency= Output power *100
Input power
Or
Efficiency= Is*Vs *100
Ip*Vp
For an ideal transformer efficiency is 1 or 100%
IDEAL TRANSFORMER
An ideal transformer is a transformer where the rate of power
loss is zero. The efficiency of the transformer is 100%.
i.e.
Output Power=Input Power
IsVs=IpVp

* No transformer is an ideal transformer*

USES OF TRANSFORMER:
In voltage regulation for T.V., refrigerators, computers, air
conditioners etc.
A step down transformer is used for wielding purposes.
A step up transformer is used for producing X-rays, NEON
advertisement.
Used for transmissions of AC over long distances.
Small transformers are used in radio sets, telephones, loud
speakers and electric bells etc.
THANK
YOU!!