Integrating Reflection

Practice in Teaching &

Learning
SP Rao
Dean (Academics)
GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research
Visakhapatnam
Reflection: Mirroring
How to Incorporate
Reflection

To Prepare Doctors as
Attentive listeners and
Observers, Skilled
Communicators and
capable Clinicians who
strive to enhance
everyone’s health

C L PR
3 2
Do you Agree?
• Primarily engaged in compartmentalized Discipline Based Learning
• Deficient in the capacity to Integrate, Assess, and Utilize knowledge to
solve Common Health Problems
• Must learn through Curiosity, Exploration of knowledge and the
critical Evaluation of Evidence
• Teachers must Examine their Attitudes, Actions, Perceptions and
Assumptions regarding Teaching and Learning
• Reflection is useful in One-To-One interactions and Group
Discussions
 Objectives:

Changing Medical Schools: Concept

Describe the process of integrating

Reflection into the curriculum.

Enumerate various practical methods

of integration

Define Mindfulness

How mindfulness can be inculcated

for efficient critical thinking
Changing Medical School
Past & Present strategy
The Ivory Tower
Basic science/clinical medicine divide
Teaching and teachers undervalued
Student as a client
A mystery tour
Standard uniform program
Failure to exploit technology
Compartmentalized assessment of
learning
Working in isolation
Reflective Future
The real world and the authentic
curriculum
Basic sciences and clinical medicine
integration
Importance of teaching and teachers
recognized
Student as a partner
A mapped journey
Adaptive curriculum with adaptive
learning
Creative use of technology
Program-focused assessment for learning
Greater collaboration
 Objectives:

Changing Medical Schools: Concept

Describe the process of integrating Re

flection into the curriculum.

Enumerate various practical methods

of integration

Define Mindfulness

How mindfulness can be inculcated

for efficient critical thinking
 Need for Integration

Critical Thinking
01
& Development. Metacognitive
02
Deeper Skills
03
Understanding. Personal Growth
04
& Development.
Enhanced
05
Learning Preparation for
Environment. 06
Lifelong Learning
Assessment &
07
Feedback.
 Reflection Integration Methods
Designing Embedding Oppurtunities Models

Design Embedded Create Provide Models

Reflective Reflection Opportunities for and Examples
Prior Activities throughout the
learning Process
Dialogue.

Preparation

Linking Use Technology Provide Promote

Implementati Reflection with to facilitate Feedback and Metacognition
the course Reflection. Support. Awareness.
on content.

Link Content Technology Feedback Metacognition

Reflection in Clinical Teaching
• Case-Based Reflective Discussions
• Feedback & Debriefing Sessions
• Journaling and Written Reflection Assignments
• Observation and Reflection on Clinical Practice
• Peer Reflective Learning Groups
• Clinical Rounds and Grand Rounds
• Practice Mindfulness
 Case Based Discussions
• case-based discussions on recent patient encounters or clinical
scenarios

• Use a structured reflection framework to guide

the discussion

• Encourage learners, and facilitate a dialogue around key

learning points and areas for improvement
Feedback & Debriefing Sessions:

• Integrate reflection into feedback and debriefing

sessions

• Ask learners to reflect on their performance, identify

strengths and areas for development, and set goals
for improvement

• Use a reflective approach to guide the discussion,

focusing on specific aspects of clinical practice,
communication skills, or decision-making processes
Journaling and Written
Reflection Assignments
• Reflective journals/essays based on their
clinical experiences

• Provide prompts or questions to guide their

reflections

• Review and provide feedback, encourage to

delve deeper thoughts and emotions
 Observation and Reflection on
Clinical Practice

• Observe learners' clinical interactions with

patients, colleagues, or other members of the
healthcare team

• After the observation, engage learners in

reflective discussions

• Use a structured approach to facilitate

reflection
 Objectives:

Changing Medical Schools: Concept

Describe the process of integrating

Reflection into the curriculum.

Enumerate various practical methods

of integration

Define Mindfulness

How mindfulness can be inculcated

for efficient critical thinking
 Metacognition

Knowledge Regulation
Cognition Cognition

Plan
Declarative Procedural Conditional Monitor
Evaluate
• Self-awareness:
Observing their thoughts,
biases and thoughts more
objectively.
• Critical Thinking:
Critically analysing each
one of them leads to
greater self-awareness and
professional growth.
• Professional
Development:
 Objectives:

Changing Medical Schools: Concept

Describe the process of integrating

Reflection into the curriculum.

Enumerate various practical methods

of integration

Define Mindfulness

How mindfulness can be inculcated fo

r efficient critical thinking
 Competency
Demonstrate empathy in patient
encounters. AETCOM Module
Demonstrate ability to communicate to
patients in a patient, respectful, non-
threatening, non-judgmental and
empathetic manner AETCOM Module
Classify and describe blood group
systems (ABO and RH) 22.1
Enumerate blood components and
describe their clinical uses 22.4
Enumerate the indications, describe the
principles, enumerate
and demonstrate the steps of
compatibility testing 22.2
Teaching Method
Observation of the doctor-subject
interaction and counselling during the
pre-donation screening
Observation and assisting the staff nurse
in the blood donation process.
Observation and assistance of the
laboratory technician in detecting the
blood grouping, Rh classification and
separation of the blood components.
Interactive session with the doctor on
precautions, indications,
contraindications, possible complications
of blood donation, and indications for
each blood component.
Reflection Method
Apart from the learning objectives of the
session, what did you observe that
influenced (positive/ negative) you?
If you were faculty of blood bank that
you have visited, how would you
convince or motivate someone to screen
and donate their blood
What would be your thoughts if you had
to go through a screening of your blood
followed by donation at the blood bank
you visited
• Group Discussion
• Portfolio
• Mentorship
• Written Journaling