UNIVERSAL DESIGNS

By Diyana Saleem
211103012
1. In the given scenario, it appears that the
principle of "Size and Space for Approach and
Use" has not been effectively applied in the
store. The high shelves that cannot be accessed
by people with various disabilities indicate a
lack of consideration for accommodating
different body sizes, postures, and mobility
levels.
To modify the design and make it more inclusive,
consider the following universal design
solutions:
• Lowering the shelves
• Implementing alternative storage solutions
• Providing assistive device
 In the given scenario, it appears that the
2. principles of "perceptible information"
(principle 4) and "equitable use"
(principle 1) have not been effectively
applied in the design of the lift buttons in
the store.
To modify the design and make it more
inclusive, consider the following
universal design solutions:
• Braille labels
• Tactile indicators
• Auditory cues
• Clear and intuitive labeling
 In the given scenario, it appears that the
3. principle of "Flexibility in Use" (Principle
2) has not been effectively applied in the
design of the trolley handles in the
supermarkets. The single type of hand
grip that requires a fist grasp limits the
usability for individuals with different
hand sizes, abilities, or preferences.
To modify the design and make it more
inclusive, consider the following
universal design solutions:
• Ergonomic handles
• Multiple grip options
• Anti-slip materials
 In the given scenario, it appears that the
4. principle of "Accessible and Intuitive Use"
(Principle 3) has not been effectively applied
in the design of the road entrance to the
supermarket. The uneven road surface
creates a barrier for individuals with mobility
impairments, making it difficult for them to
access the supermarket.
To modify the design and make it more
inclusive, consider the following universal
design solutions:
• Smooth and level entrance
• Curb cuts
• Tactile indicators
• Regular maintenance
 In the given scenario, it appears that the principle
5. of "Perceptible Information’ has not been effectively
applied and principle of "Tolerance for Error can
also be applied. The absence of braille signage or
audio announcements creates a barrier for
individuals with visual impairments, making it
difficult for them to navigate and use the elevator
independently.
To modify the design and make it more inclusive,
consider the following universal design solutions:
• Audio announcements
• Tactile floor indicators
• Audio announcement
• Braille signage
• High-contrast and large font signage
• Well-placed and illuminated buttons
 In the given scenario, it appears that the
principle of "Perceptible Information"
6. (Principle 4) has not been effectively applied
in the design of the store directory. The
directory being only in English and in small
font size creates a barrier for individuals with
limited English proficiency or visual
impairments, making it difficult for them to
access the information they need.
To modify the design and make it more
inclusive, consider the following universal
design solutions:
• Multilingual information
• Clear and legible font
• Color contrast
• Braille signage
• Audio or digital assistance
 In the given scenario, it appears that the
7. principle of "Accessible and Intuitive Use"
(Principle 3) has not been effectively applied
in the design of the store's fruit display. The
placement of the fruits in a basket on the
floor creates a barrier for individuals with
mobility impairments, making it difficult for
them to access the items.
To modify the design and make it more
inclusive, consider the following universal
design solution:
• Adjustable height
• Clear path of travel
• Reach assist tools
• Elevate the display