An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and

other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work

together to form a bubble of life

Ecosystems contain biotic or living parts as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts. Biotic
factors include plants, animals, and other organisms. Abiotic factors include rocks, temperature, and humidity.
Every factor in an ecosystem depends on every
other factor, either directly or indirectly.

A change in the temperature of

an ecosystem will often affect what plants will
grow there, for instance.

Animals that depend

on plants for food and shelter will have
to adapt to the changes, move to
another ecosystem, or perish.
Types of ecosystems
•Terrestrial ecosystems
•Aquatic ecosystems
•Mixed ecosystems (water-land) and air-
terrestrial (air-land)
•Artificial or non-natural ecosystems of
modified landscape (created by human beings)
Terrestrial ecosystems
Terrestrial ecosystems occupy only 30% of
the Earth's surface. Within this 30%, we
can subdivide certain types of terrestrial
ecosystems which have specific
characteristics. They are:

•Deserts (30%)
•Savannahs and tropical grasslands, such as
steppes, prairies and grasslands (20%)
•Jungles (23%)
•Forest ecosystem, i.e. temperate forests
and tundras (17%)
•Crop areas (10%)
FOOD WEB
Energy flow in the ecosytem
Ecological pyramid