Grapes Varieties, Propagation Methods

and Use of Growth regulators

• Botanical name : Vitis vinifera Linn.
• Family : Vitaceae
• Origin : Armenia
• Delicious refreshing and nourishing fruits.
• Rich in sugars , acids , minerals , vitamins and tannins.
• 50 per cent of the total production of fruits in the
world is contributed by grapes.
• Cultivation of grapes is known as Viticulture.
• Study of wine from grapes – Viriculture.
• Science of wine making – Enology.
• Tartaric acid is commercial extracted from grapes.
• Predominant sugar in grapes is fructose
VARIETIES
• Coloured seeded - Bangalore Blue and Gulabi (Muscat)

• Coloured seedless - Beauty Seedless and Sharad Seedless

• White seeded - Anab-e-Shahi, Dilkhush (clone of Anab-e-

Shahi)

• White seedless - Perlette, Pusa Seedless, Thompson

Seedless, and its clones Tas-AGanesh, Sonaka and Manik
Chaman

• Table grapes: Utilized either as a fresh fruit or for decorative

purpose. They must have an attractive appearance, good
eating quality, good shipping and storage qualities.
e.g. Thompson Seedless, Beauty Seedless, Bangalore
Blue.
• Raisin grapes: Grapes which produce an acceptable dried
product are called raisin grapes. Seedless cultivars with high
sugar content production yellowish or greenish raisins are
preferred. Eg. Black Corinth, Sultan, Thompson seedless.

• Juice grapes: The juice of some cultivars with muscat flavour

produces an acceptable unfermented beverage when it is
preserved by pasteurization other means, E.g. Bangalore blue,
Beauty Seedless.

• Wine grapes: Cultivars which have high sugar content and

low acid with can produce satisfactory wine is called wine-
grapes. E.g: Muscat Canelli, Black champa.

• Canning grapes: Seedless cultivars with white grapes with

larger barriers are preferred for canning. E.g. Thompson
seedless, Pusa seedless, Perlette
SEEDED VARIETIES
• Anab-e-Shahi
Bud sport.
Bunches - large attractive oval berries which are pale
green in colour. It is a late maturing variety.
• Bangalore Blue (Bangalore Purple)
Highly resistant to anthracnose and powdery mildew diseases.
it is a natural hybrid between V. vinifera x V. labrusca.
This variety is suited for kniffin and bower systems of training.
• Cheema Sahebi (Selection No.7)
The vine is vigorous with heavy yield.
• Dilkush
It is a bud sport of Anab-e-shahi producing golden yellow
enlongated berries in attractive bunches.
• Paccha Draksha (Bhokri)
It is grown in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Vigorous
vines, heavy yield.
• Black Champa
IIHR, Bangalore.. The high quality purple coloured
berries are highly suitable for table, juice and wine making.
• Champion
The juice of this variety is highly flavoured having a
TSS 210brix and suitable for juice industry.
• Early Muscat
This variety is medium vigorous and perform well on
kniffin system of training. The fruits are green with good
Muscat flavour.
• Gulabi (Panneer Drakshai)
This is the most important cultivar for Coimbatore
conditions. Vine is very weak, high tolerance to powdery
mildew and anthracnose.
Seedless varieties
Thompson Seedless
It is also called as ‘Sultanina’ or ‘Oval Kishmish’ and is an introduction from the
University of California, USA. It is commercially cultivated in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. TSS
is 22-230brix. This variety is suitable for bower and trellis systems of training. The berries are
used for raisin making.
Pusa Seedless
Selection from Thompson seedless - IARI, New Delhi. It is used for table purpose and
raisin making.
Perlette
It is a hybrid. The berries are medium in size, spherical and whitish green. Perlette
has good keeping quality.
Delight
It is a sister seedling of ‘Perlette’. An early ripening variety with good Muscat flavour.
It is a good table variety with good shipping quality.
Beauty Seedless
It is susceptible to pre-harvest berry drop. Beauty seedless is suitable for head
system of training.
Sarath seedless
It is a selection from Beauty Seedless made by grapevine growers.
Kish Mish
‘Kishmish Beli’ is a variety with berries which are small sized, elongated and golden
yellow. ‘Kishmish Charni’ is with brick red.
 Grape hybrids and their specific characters
Hybrid Parents Distinguishing characters
Arka Vati Black champa X Thompson Seedless Good for raisin making
Arka Kanchan Anab-E-Shahi X Queen of Vineyard Late maturing and good quality

Arka Hans Bangalore Blue X Anab-e-Shahi Suitable for white wines, berries with
poor attachment

Arka Shyam Bangalore Blue X BlackChampa Good for juice and wine making,
suitable for double cropping in S.India
Arka Neelamani Black champa X Thompson Seedless Table as well as red wine making
Arka Shweta Anab-e-Shahi X Thompson Seedless Seedless and suitable for table purpose
Arka Majestic Anab-e-Shahi X Black Champa Table purpose
Arka Chitra Angoor Kalan X Anab-e-Shahi Table purpose
Arka Soma Anab-e-Shahi XQ ueen of Vine Yard Suitable for making good quality wine
Arka Trishna Bangalore Blue X Queeen of Vineyard Suitable for wine making
Arka Krishna Bangalore Blue X Convent large Black Suitable for juice

Pusa Urvashi Hur X Beauty seedless Suitable for juice and wine. tolerant to
Anthracnose
Pusa Navarang Madeleine Angavine X Ruby Red Teinturier, suitable for juice and wine
 PROPAGATION
Multiplication on own roots
• Hardwood cuttings
• September or October – mature canes
• 20-30 cm length,3-4 nodes and thickness of 8-10
mm.
• Soaked in running water for 24 hours – inhibitors.
• IBA @2000 ppm for five minutes.
• In situ planting – soil drenching with
chlorophyriphos 0.1% - termities.
 RAISING ON ROOTSTOCKS
• Hardwood cuttings-rootstock.

• Polybags of 15×25 cm.

• Rooted cuttings –planted during February – March.

• The desired scion variety is then grafted/budded on the

rootstocks in the field.
• Wedge grafting is more common and the best time for
September-October.
• Chip budding - June-July.
Rootstocks
Rootstocks are employed for grapes to
overcome salinity, nematode damage and to impart
vigour to vines.
• Phylloxera resistant root stock - Vitis riparia, V.
rupestris, Teleki 5-A and St. George.

• Nematode resistant root stock - 1613, Dogridge, Salt

creek, Freedom and Harmony.

• Saline tolerant - 1616, 1613 Solanis, Ramsay,

Dogridge and Rupestris du hot.

• Drought tolerant - 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, 99

 Use of Growth regulators in Grapes

Application of gibberellic acid (GA) at 50 ppm, -

at the just opened flowers in the clusters (calyptra
stage) increases their size.

Ethrel is used to advance ripening by a week and

improve quality including colour improvement and
uniform ripening. It is normally applied at 250 to 500
ppm concentration at berry start ripening stage.