Intelligence Processing

Module 5 – (POLICE OPERATIONS)
INTELLIGENCE PROCESSING
Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Intelligence Process is a process by which information

is converted into intelligence and made available to
users. The process consists of six interrelated
intelligence operations: planning and direction;
collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and
production, dissemination and integration, and
evaluation and feedback.

What is Intelligence?
Intelligence – is information that has been analyzed to

determine its meaning and relevance.

Mark Lowenthal’s 2006 book, Intelligence: From

Secrets to Police. Lowenthal defines intelligence in
three ways:

Intelligence as a process.
A means by which certain types of information are
required and requested, collected, analyzed, and
disseminated, and as the way in which certain types
of covert action are conceived and conducted.

What is Intelligence?
Intelligence as a product.
A knowledge product resulting from analysis and
intelligence operations themselves.
Intelligence as an organization.
Entities that carry out various functions for intelligence.
Information + Evaluation = Intelligence

Information vs. Intelligence
Information
- reports about an event or activity.
Intelligence
- evaluated, analyzed information.

What is the Role of Intelligence?
Intelligence should:
- "Paint a picture
- Tell a story
- "Guide the sword
- Produce knowledge upon which a course of action
can be rested

Relationship Between Strategic and Tactical

Intelligence
Basic Principles of Intelligence Operations Prior to

Intelligence Cycle

The Intelligence Cycle
The Intelligence Cycle is the foundation of

Intelligence analysis. The view in this slide is slightly
different from that in your book because this is the
version approved in the National Criminal Intelligence
sharing Plan. Different organizations group the steps of
the cycle in slightly different ways, but the overall
cyclical process is the same.

Process of developing unrefined data into polished

intelligence for the use of policymakers.(Source:FB)
Process by which raw information is acquired, gathered,

transmitted, evaluated, analyzed and made available as
finished intelligence for policymakers for decision-
making and action.(Source:CIA)

Is the process of developing raw information into

finished intelligence for consumers, including
policymakers, law enforcement executives,
investigators, and patrol officers. Used for decision
making and action. (Source: lowa Dept of PS)
Plan, Collect, Process, Analyze, Share.

Repetitive process by which information is converted

into intelligence and made available to users (Source:
US Dept Of Defense)

A. PLANNING/DIRECTION
Planning guides the cycle. The overall plan addresses a

specific need or threat. Strategic collection planning
looks at the "big picture" of a problem, and determines
information types needed to progress toward a solution.
Planning guides collection. Directed collection saves
time and assures Success.

• Planning/Direction
- Is guided by a particular need
- Is made to achieve a goal
- Puts the Intel Cycle in motion

B. The Collection Plan
a. May be stated as a series of questions or a list of

sources and timeframes
b. Identifies the information needed
c. Identifies the sources of information
d. Establishes a timeline for the completion of the
collection and analysis

INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION PLAN

INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION PLAN

SAMPLE

INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

Collection- Sources Information

- Law enforcement agency sources
- Public/open source information
- Specialized databases
- Clandestine collection
- Primary information collection

Re-investigation collection is often from public or

private databases and is used to help focus the
investigation Specialized databases- Lexis-Nexis,
Autotrack, FinCEN, etc. tee-based and others
available tor authorized inquiries

Types or clandestine collection include covert

physical surveillance, electronic surveillance
(wiretaps. concealed video cameras, etc.) and
undercover operations. Primary information collection
includes subpoenaing records, executing search
warrants. Interviewing people, surveillances and
tapping into Internet resources.

Collection Restriction
- No data on social, political or religious group

membership unless relevant to criminal activity
- No data on a person unless reasonable indication of

criminal activity involvement
- Data must be gathered legally

Collation/Processing
Information evaluation, indexing & filing

Indexing &/or inventorying data is a "best practice in
investigations

Information must be connected to a criminal activity;

that is it must be relate to the criminal activity rather
than non-criminal activity.
• Databases & spreadsheets for organizing information

- store-sort-arrange

• Criminal intelligence file structure
Guidelines
Permanent
Temporary
Working files

Manage your records well

-Databases are replacing the file cabinets of yesterday.
Many agencies now use computer software to structure
the information, and can often also be used to
manipulate and organize the data for analysis.

- This manipulation and organization must be

followed by the analysis of the data, collation is only
a step or tool toward deriving the data's meaning.

- Databases add operating costs in the form of

increased security. The more sensitive and inclusive
a database, the more access must be controlled, and
even monitored.

- Computers are especially helpful to collate

large amounts of information but cannot replace
the necessary thought processes required to turn
information into intelligence.

- The success of a case could depend on the analyst's

ability to produce the information used in the analytic
process. It is incumbent on all analysts to be as
methodical about the filing, storage and retention
procedures of source documents as they are about
other phases of their work.
-Not all data are equal

Evaluate in terms of:
-Relevance
-Reliability
-Validity
-Sensitivity levels
-Dissemination restrictions

Your book says "evaluation" at the top of this page, but

the newer version of the cycle combines evaluation
into collation, so we have changed the heading.

It is important to remember that information is

evaluated because data come from disparate sources
and can be very different in their reliability or
accuracy.

Reliability
Typically rated on 4 or 5 category scale

A = Completely reliable
B = Mostly/ Somewhat reliable
C = Unreliable
D = Reliability unknown
In a 5 category scale B are separated into the
component criteria level

Validity
Typically rated on a 4 or 5 category scale

1 = Known to be true/confirmed by other source
2 = Probably / possibly true
3 = Not true
4 = Cannot be judged
In a 5 category scale 2 is separated into the component
criteria levels

The second part of the evaluation is validity. The

scale is 1 to 4 or 1 to 5, depending on which is used.
As in the previous scale, "2" is split to 2" or "3",
connoting probably true or possibly true.

Sensitivity Levels
- Restricted
- Unrestricted
- Sensitive
- Confidential

DIFFERENT KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE

PRODUCTS
- Descriptive - no predictive or judgmental analysis.
- Explanatory - seek to explain why an incident

occurred
- Predictive - forward looking and attempt to forecast

an event or situation

INTELLIGENCE PRODUCT MUST BE:
Be comprehensive
Analysis must be valid
Must be timely
Appropriateness

Dissemination
Within an agency
-Tactical purpose
- Strategic purpose
To outside agencies
- Third-party rule



TENETS OF INTELLIGENCE

1. Timely
- Intelligence must be available when the user

requires it. Late intelligence is as useless as no
intelligence.

- Timely intelligence enables the user to anticipate

events in thee operational environment... for maximum
effectiveness and to avoid being surprised.

2. Accurate
- Intelligence must be objective. It must be free from any
political or other constraint and must not be distorted by
pressure to conform with the positions held in the higher
echelons of authority or command.

- Intelligence products must not be shaped to conform

to any perceptions of the user's preferences. While
intelligence is a factor in determining policy and
decision, policy and decision must not determine
intelligence.

3.Usable
- Intelligence must be tailored to the specific needs of

the user and provided in forms suitable for immediate
comprehension.

- The user or commander must be able to quickly apply

intelligence to the task at hand. Providing useful
intelligence requires the producers to understand the
circumstances under which their products are used.

4.Complete
- Complete intelligence answers the user or

commander's questions about the issue or adversary
to the fullest degree possible. It also tells the
commander what remains unknown.

- To be complete, intelligence must identify all the

threats and adversary's capabilities. It must inform
the user or commander of the possible courses of
action that are available to the threat groups and
adversary commander

When justified by the available evidence, intelligence

must forecast future actions and intentions.

5. Relevant
- Intelligence must be relevant to the planning and

execution of the operation at hand. It must aid the
user or commander in the accomplishment of the
requirements/objectives/mission.

- Intelligence must contribute to the commander's

understanding of the threats and adversary... to decide
how to accomplish the assigned mission or of what is
required.

END OF PRESENTATION

Intelligence Processing

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Module 5 – (POLICE OPERATIONS)

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Intelligence Process is a process by which information

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Intelligence – is information that has been analyzed to

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Mark Lowenthal’s 2006 book, Intelligence: From

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Information vs. Intelligence

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

What is the Role of Intelligence?

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Relationship Between Strategic and Tactical

Basic Principles of Intelligence Operations Prior to

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

The Intelligence Cycle

The Intelligence Cycle is the foundation of

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Process of developing unrefined data into polished

Process by which raw information is acquired, gathered,

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Is the process of developing raw information into

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Repetitive process by which information is converted

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Planning guides the cycle. The overall plan addresses a

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

- Is guided by a particular need

- Is made to achieve a goal

- Puts the Intel Cycle in motion

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

B. The Collection Plan

a. May be stated as a series of questions or a list of

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION PLAN

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION PLAN

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Collection- Sources Information

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Re-investigation collection is often from public or

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Types or clandestine collection include covert

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

- No data on social, political or religious group

- No data on a person unless reasonable indication of

- Data must be gathered legally

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Information evaluation, indexing & filing

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Information must be connected to a criminal activity;

• Databases & spreadsheets for organizing information

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

• Criminal intelligence file structure

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Manage your records well

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

- This manipulation and organization must be

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

- Databases add operating costs in the form of