Casing and Surveillance Techniques

Module 5 – (POLICE OPERATIONS)
CASING & SURVEILLANCE TECHNIQUES
Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Module 5 – (POLICE OPERATION)
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Surveillance – is a form of clandestine investigation

which consist of keeping person, place or other targets
under physical and/or technical observation in order to
obtain evidence or information pertinent to the
investigation.

Surveillance of persons is called Tailing or Shadowing,

Surveillance of place is called Casing or
Reconnaissance, and Surveillance of other things,
events, and activities is called Roping.

Subject/Target – person, place or object under

surveillance.
Surveillant – person who conduct the surveillance.
Convoy – an accomplice or associate of the subject.

Decoy – any person or subject almost similar to the

subject used to avoid or elude surveillant.
Contact – any person whom the subject pick or deal

with while he is under surveillance.

Made/Burn – when the subject under surveillance

becomes aware that he is under observation and
identifies the observer.

Lost – when the surveillant do not know the where

about of his subject or the subject had eluded the
surveillance

Drop – any person convenient, secure and

unsuspecting place where police undercover men meet
his Action Agent for debriefing or reporting purposes.

Safehouse/Accommodation Address – is a place,

building, enclosed mobile, or an apartment, where
police undercover men meet his Action Agent for
debriefing and reporting purposes.

Liaison Program – the assignment of trained

intelligence personnel to other agencies in order to
obtain information of police intelligence value.

Plot to Bed – when the subject under surveillance

has returned to his quarters and apparently retired for
the night.
Shadow and Tail – to follow an individual whenever

on foot or by vehicle.

Fingerman – an individual who can positively point out

the subject. Put the finger on go identify the subject by
pointing him out either in person or in photography.

Beyond Salvage – an operation or individual that has

been compromised beyond any possible means of
recovery or resurrection.

Undercover – an investigative technique in which the

Investigators/Operatives conceals his true identity and
adopt status or assumed role in order to obtain access
to information or evidence which would not be available
through other investigative means.

Undercover Agent – it refers to a person trained to

observe and penetrate certain organization suspected
of illegal activities and later reports the observation and
information so that proper operational action can be
made.

Cover – device or stratagem by which a selective

Investigators/Operatives conceals his identity and his
relationship with the investigating agency.

Cover Story – is a biographical data through fictional

which will portray the personality of the agent which
he/she is to assume.
Cover Support – is an agent in the target areas with

the primary mission of supporting cover story.

Disposal – the act of disposing in a discreet/secretive

manner all physical evidence (corpus delicti) that maybe
indicative of an event of a recent operational activity
involving clandestine works which may have gone
successfully or ended in tragedy.

Bug – term for electronic listening device planted for

electronic surveillance purposes.
Code Word – word or phrase used to refer or identify

undercover operative with one another.

Deception – is the process of changing or forging

and concealing of the person real personality, things,
events, and places.
Tradecraft – methods and techniques peculiar to the

conduct of clandestine activities. (Diskarte)

Espionage – is the state or practice of spying other

countries , places, or things in the systematic
clandestine gathering of an information which is
inimical for national security.

Dead Drop – a place where a person can hide

information so that another can later pick it up,
without seeing each other.

TWO (2) GENERAL TYPE OF SURVEILLANCE
1. Moving Surveillance
2. Fixed Surveillance

TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE OPERATIONS
A. ACCORDING TO INTENSITY AND SENSITIVITY
1. DISCREET (CIA) TYPE- every effort made to

ensure that the subject remains unaware that he is
under observation.

Methods of Surveillance
1. CLOSE- maintaining constant observation of the
subject is the objective , regardless of whether or not
he becomes aware of the surveillance.

2. LOOSE- applied frequently or infrequently. period

of observation vanned on each occasion.
3. Combination of Loose and Close Surveillance

B. ACCORDING TO METHODS
1. FIX OR STATIONARY OR STAKE-OUT/PLANT -

surveillant remain in a relatively fix and advantage
position while observing and records every activities or
occurrences.

2. MOVING OR SHADOWING OR TAILING - surveillant

follow the subject from place to place to maintain
continuous watch on subject's activities.

a. Five (5) techniques of foot surveillance
1. One (1) Man Surveillance

2. Two (2) Man or "AB
3. Three (3) Man or ABC
4. Leap Frog Surveillance
5.Progressive Surveillance

b. Vehicle Surveillance
c. Air Surveillance
3. TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE - accomplished by

use of audio equipment, photography, visual devices
and other highly technical devices or equipment.

A. Pre surveillance conference - a conference held

among team members, the police intelligence before
the surveillance is conducted.
B. Area and target study - all available information

about the area should be collected and analyzed.

C. Surveillance plan - the plan must establish the

required type of personnel, the general and specific
instructions to the surveillant. All participating personnel
must have a common understating of the operational
limitations, signals and special instructions which have
been improved.

D. Selection of personnel
1. Inconspicuous physical character

2. Ability to remain unnoticed
3. Resourcefulness
4. Patience and physical stamina

5. Keen sensory perception and retentive memory

6. Driving ability
7. Personal courage
8. Area knowledge
9. Security consciousness

E. Administrative and logistics
1. Communication and Control

2. The Conduct of Surveillance Operations

SURVEILLANCE PRECAUTIONS
1. Do not abrupt or unnatural movement
2. Do not make use of disguises that will attract

attention
3. Never stare directly at the subject

4. Do not attempt to appear too innocent when accosted

by the subject
5. Never speak to another surveillant unless absolutely

necessary to accomplish the mission
6. Maintain distance

7. Plan ahead
8. Beware of or changes of action
9. Notes taking should be done in safe areas.
10. Make use of street furniture such as telephone

booth, sidewalk vendors, waiting shades.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN FIX SURVEILLANCE

1. Determine base of operation
2. Maintain a thorough, cautious reconnaissance of the

area
3. Obtain necessary equipment (double check working

conditions)

4. Assignment of specific duties to each member of the

team.
5. Prepare alternative courses of action
6. Provide for relief teams

7. Arrange for common signals
8. Arrange for inconspicuous arrival and departure of

equipment as well as personnel in the base of
operation.

COUNTER SURVEILLANCE TESTING
1. Window Shopping
2. Use of Convoys
3. Stopping immediately on Blind Corners

4. Getting out immediately on public conveyances
5. Retracing
6. Entering Mobile Housing

DETECTION OF AUTOMOBILE SURVEILLANCE
1. The subject may drive at high rate of speed until he

reaches the crest of hill or curve where he will be out of
the surveillants sight temporarily.

2. The subject may turn around and go in the opposite

direction. In turn, the surveillant should follow unless he
has received instructions to discontinue the surveillance
rather than discover.

3. The subject may park his car at a road crossing

at the edge of a small village where strange
automobiles are very noticeable.
4. Determine the base operation, a room, an

apartment, house or store.

5. Make a thorough caution reconnaissance of the

area of building from which the surveillance is to be
made.

Sample SURVEILLANCE REPORT
C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\MODULE 5
POLICE OPERATION\SAMPLE SURVEILL
ANCE REPORT.docx

Sample Format of Casing Operation Report
..\Sample Format of Casing Operation Re

port.docx

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Module 5 – (POLICE OPERATIONS)

CASING & SURVEILLANCE TECHNIQUES

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Surveillance – is a form of clandestine investigation

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Surveillance of persons is called Tailing or Shadowing,

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Subject/Target – person, place or object under

Surveillant – person who conduct the surveillance.

Convoy – an accomplice or associate of the subject.

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Decoy – any person or subject almost similar to the

Contact – any person whom the subject pick or deal

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Made/Burn – when the subject under surveillance

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Lost – when the surveillant do not know the where

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Drop – any person convenient, secure and

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Safehouse/Accommodation Address – is a place,

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Liaison Program – the assignment of trained

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Plot to Bed – when the subject under surveillance

Shadow and Tail – to follow an individual whenever

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Fingerman – an individual who can positively point out

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Beyond Salvage – an operation or individual that has

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Undercover – an investigative technique in which the

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Undercover Agent – it refers to a person trained to

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Cover – device or stratagem by which a selective

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Cover Story – is a biographical data through fictional

Cover Support – is an agent in the target areas with

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Disposal – the act of disposing in a discreet/secretive

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Bug – term for electronic listening device planted for

Code Word – word or phrase used to refer or identify

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Deception – is the process of changing or forging

Tradecraft – methods and techniques peculiar to the

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Espionage – is the state or practice of spying other

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Dead Drop – a place where a person can hide

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

TWO (2) GENERAL TYPE OF SURVEILLANCE

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE OPERATIONS

A. ACCORDING TO INTENSITY AND SENSITIVITY

1. DISCREET (CIA) TYPE- every effort made to

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

2. LOOSE- applied frequently or infrequently. period

3. Combination of Loose and Close Surveillance

Public Safety Senior Leadership Course

1. FIX OR STATIONARY OR STAKE-OUT/PLANT -