Three Phases of Investigation.

PART 2
A Group 3 presentation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
To Trace and Locate the criminal
1. Surveillance
2. Types of surveillance
3. Techniques of foot surveillance
4. Casing
5. Observation and Description
6. Undercover Assignment
7. Tracing the fugitive
01
SURVEILLANCE
 SURVEILLANCE
the continues monitoring of a person, place or object to
determine the whereabouts, interactions or activities in a
particular area.
 TERMS USED IN SURVEILLANCE

1.PRE SURVEILANCE CONFERENCE

A conference held among the team members
of the police intelligence unit before the
surveillance is conducted.

2.SURVEILLANCE PLAN
Refers to the outline or blueprint as to how the
surveillance is conducted.
TERMS USED IN SURVEILLANCE

3.TARGET AREA
Refers to the area of operation.

4.SUBJECT OF SURVEILLANCE
The person, place, or object being watched.

5. LOG
The record of activities that the subject had or
took place in the target area.
 TERMS USED IN SURVEILLANCE

6.SURVEILLANT
The person who does the surveillance who
maintains watch.

7.CONVOY
An associate of the subject who follows the
subject in an attempt to detect surveillance.
 TERMS USED IN SURVEILLANCE

8.CONTACT
Any person with whom the subject speaks, to
whom he passes articles, or whom he receives
articles.

9.DECOY
Is a person or object used by the subject in an
attempt to escape the eyes of a surveillant.
 TERMS USED IN SURVEILLANCE

10.MADE
The surveillant is being recognized as the
surveillant by the subject or convoy.

11.LOST
When the surveillant does not know the
whereabouts of his subject. The subject is lost when
the subject eluded him.
WHY DO WE CONDUCT SURVEILLANCE?

To prevent Crime
WHY DO WE CONDUCT SURVEILLANCE?

Obtain Evidence
WHY DO WE CONDUCT SURVEILLANCE?

To Document an individual’s location

WHY DO WE CONDUCT SURVEILLANCE?

To Document activities in a particular location

WHY DO WE CONDUCT SURVEILLANCE?

To get information
WHY DO WE CONDUCT SURVEILLANCE?

To receive information that can be used in court

 WHO CONDUCTS A
SURVEILLANCE
The Police, law enforcement agencies and intelligence
collection units are routinely involved in undertaking
undercover operations.
02
TYPES OF
SURVEILLANCE
 1. FIXED SURVEILLANCE

Also known as STAKEOUT. It is Conducted when a

person, object, or activity being watched is not
expected to move from one area.
 2. MOVING SURVEILLANCE

Also known as TAILING or SHADOWING. A moving

surveillance is conducted when a person, object or
activity is being watched from one place to another.
 2. MOVING SURVEILLANCE

A. OPEN TAIL

The subject is most likely aware of surveilance.

 2. MOVING SURVEILLANCE

B. CLOSE TAIL

Aim is not to lose the subject at the risk of being

“made”.
 2. MOVING SURVEILLANCE

C. LOOSE TAIL

Refers to the tailing commmonly employed if the

surveillant wants undetected.
 3. AERIAL SURVEILANCE

This type of surveillance is done by using

helicopters or other aerial devices
 4. TECHNICAL

This type of surveillance involves or uses

communications and electronics eavesdropping
devices.
AUDIO ELECTRONIC SURVEILANCE

This refers to the employment of bugging or

wiretapping devices.
 TYPES TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE
BUGGING WIRETAPPING

Is the interception of
Is eavesdropping any communication lines such as
communication or conversation telephone or cellphone lines in
with the aid of any bug devices. order to listen or record
conversation.

EAVESDROPPING

Is the act of listening secretly to

any conversation who are within
the same premise as the person
who intends to listen to the
conversation.
03
TECHNIQUES of
FOOT
SURVEILLANCE
 Foot Surveillance
When conducting a foot surveillance, from one to six
investigators can be used; however, whenever possible,
more than one should be used. This minimizes the risk of
detection by the subject.
 ONE-MAN SURVEILLANCE

A one man surveillance is best used in a situation

calling for a fixed surveillance. It should be avoided
in a moving surveillance because it is not flexible.
 TWO-MAN OR “AB” SURVEILLANCE

In the “AB” technique the surveillant directly behind the subject

and is always designated as “A”. “A” follows the subject; while “B”
follows “A”, either on the same side of the street or just across.
THREE-MAN or “ABC” SURVEILLANCE
The “ABC” technique is intended to keep two sides of the subject
covered. “A” follows the subject. “B” follows “A” and concentrates
on keeping “A” in sight rather than the subject. “C” normally
operates across the street from the subject and slightly to his
rear.
 Other TECHNIQUES

●Other techniques are resorted to in order to lessen the chance

of a surveillant being “made."
●-For instance, by either prearrangement or signal, the two or
more surveillants will change places with each other. This
technique is commonly referred to as the leapfrog method. The
progressive surveillance is another technique used when extreme
caution is mandatory.
04
CASING
 CASING
Process of inspecting places to determine their suitability for
operational use. In the military, it is known as
Reconnaissance.
 EXTERIOR CASING

Is an observation of the whole or immediate areas, building or

installation, possible exists and approaches, types of vicinity
that may possibly be to any intelligence or counterintelligence
operations.
 INTERIOR CASING

Inspection of the different parts of the building or any structure

which includes but not limited to the different rooms within the
building.
METHODS of CASING
 PERSONAL RECONNAISSANCE

Is the most effective method and will produce the most

information since you know just what you are looking for.
 MAP RECONNAISSANCE

May not be sufficient but it can produce a certain amount of

usable information. From a map, it is possible to get a good
survey of road and street networks.
 RESEARCH

Research normally entails a study of unclassified sources such

as local newspapers, periodicals, public bulletins, and many
more.
 INTERIOR CASING

Inspection of the different parts of the building or any structure

which includes but not limited to the different rooms within the
building.
 PRIOR INFORMATION

Will have on file report from other activities within your unit,
also from other intelligence units that may provide you with
information.
 HEARSAY

Usually gained by the person operating in the area of

performing the casing job.
05
OBSERVATION and
DISCRIPTION
 OBSERVATION
Is the complete and accurate awareness by an individual of
his surroundings
 DESCRIPTION
The factual reporting od what is observed.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR
ACCURATE OBSERVATION

A. Attention

B. Perception

C. Reporting
 TYPES OF ATTENTION

A. Involuntary

B. Voluntary

C. Habitual
 FACTORS GOVERNING REPORT

A. Vocabulary

B. Time log

C. Recurrence of similar incidents

06
UNDERCOVER
ASSIGNMENT
 UNDERCOVER
ASSIGNMENT
An investigation in which an agent conceals his official
identity to obtain information.
 USES OF UNDERCOVER

A. Used independently to get first-hand information about the

subject of investigation.

B. Supplement other investigative techniques;

TYPES OF UNDERCOVER ASSIGNMENT

A. Dwelling

B. Work

C. Social

D. Rope Job
07
TRACING THE
FUGITIVE
 FUGITIVE

-A person who tries to escape

-A person who has escape from a place or is in hiding, especially

to avoid arrest or persecution.
HOW CAN WE TRACE AN ESCAPED PERSON OR A
FUGITIVE?

1. Get the information that is in the criminal records

HOW CAN WE TRACE AN ESCAPED PERSON OR A
FUGITIVE?

2. Get the address and name of his family

HOW CAN WE TRACE AN ESCAPED PERSON OR A
FUGITIVE?

3. Go to her family’s house and let them know that it has

escaped
HOW CAN WE TRACE AN ESCAPED PERSON OR A
FUGITIVE?

4. His family can conduct elicitation and surveillance

HOW CAN WE TRACE AN ESCAPED PERSON OR A
FUGITIVE?

5. Grapevine sources can also be used to trace a fugitive

HOW CAN WE TRACE AN ESCAPED PERSON OR A
FUGITIVE?

Informant and Informer

THANK
YOU