Polytechnic College of La Union

Agoo, La Unnion

Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation & Intelligence

Midterm Examination

Name : UNGRIA,JOHN CARLO O.

Yr. & Sec.: BSCRIM 2ND YEAR

Test I: Fill-in the blanks:

Evidence 1. Something legally submitted to a tribunal to ascertain the truth of a matter.

Documentary evidence 2. The admissibility of such evidence depends on the authenticity of the
paper and the purpose for which it is being offered in evidence.
Testimonial 3. This is also termed communicative evidence.
Physical evidence 4. Refers to any item that comes from a nonliving origin as evidence.
Chain of custody 5. Refers to the process of maintaining and documenting the handling of
evidence.
Human sexual activity 6. While performing sexual activity.
Moving surveillance 7. On foot or by motor.
Overt 8. Cognizant that he is being pursued..
Investigate 9. To get information on criminal and discover the identities of persons frequenting
the place to established their criminal activities.
Espionage 10. Consist of actions that a country in order to find out whether another country is
spying on it and to prevent from doing so.
Raid11. Predatory incursion.
Industrial Espionage 12. Appointed by a state to acquire data about its foes or by a business to
gain
industrial secrets from opponents.
Legal proceeding 13. A revelation made in a lawful proceeding.
Offense14. In the act of committing a misdeed.
Trial 15. Admission made in proceedings outside court.
Seize 16. An act of stopping or the state of being stopped.
Covert 17. Not mindful that he is being witnessed.
Fixed surveillance 18. Viewing a house or building.
Counterintelligence 19. Activities designed to frustrate enemy espionage.
Interview 20. Questioning of all the person within or near the crime scene.
Fresh pursuit 21. It can also refer to chasing a suspect or escaped felon into a neighboring
jurisdiction in an emergency, without time to alert law enforcement people in the area.
Modus operandi 22. It is the method of the operation by a specific criminal or criminal
syndicates
Custodial interrogation 23. The investigator my exercise the utmost care before concluding the
culpability of suspect
search 24. He or she is closely scrutinized to see if their suspicions are well- founded.
Miranda rights 25. This is the stage of investigation where there is strict observance of the
Miranda
doctrine.
 Subject 26. Is the person, place, vehicle being observed by the officer.
Fixed rule27. This is addressed to the sound discretion of the investigator, the informer may be
to a fixed period of assignment or into a case to case basis.
Surveillance 28. Attentive observation, as to oversee and direct someone or something.
Miranda doctrine 29. The rights of which an arresting officer must advise the person being
arrested.
Chasing suspect 30. Sometimes called fresh pursuit.

Test II: Short Answer:

1. Illustrate and explain the chain of custody. (200 words)

- The chain of custody is a tracking record beginning with detailed scene notes that
describe where the evidence was received or collected. Collection techniques,
preservation, packaging, transportation, storage and creation of the inventory list are all
part of the process used in establishing the chain of custody.
Chain custody is taking note like documentary of location and evidence, time and date,
sealing the evidence. Tracking records from the beginning of the investigation with
detailed notes that describing the evidence. Storing, collecting and their creation of their
inventory list are all here.
A process that tracks the movement of evidence through its collection, safeguarding,
and analysis lifecycle by documenting each person who handled the evidence, the
date/time it was collected or transferred, and the purpose for the transfer.

2. Define the following terms and give concrete example.

a. Undercover (100 words)
- To go "undercover" is to avoid detection by the entity one is
observing, and especially to disguise one's own identity or use an
assumed identity for the purposes of gaining the trust of an individual
or organization to learn or confirm confidential information or to gain
the trust of targeted individuals to gather information or evidence.
Traditionally, it is a technique employe by law enforcement
agencies  or private investigators ,and a person who works in such a
role is commonly referred to as an undercover agent.
Undercover operations may be used where it is possible for a law
enforcement agent or other persons to infiltrate a criminal organization
to gather evidence,For example, an undercover agent is an efficient
technique and needs to be used to interfere and gather information on
organized crime

b. Covert Surveillance (100 Words)

- Surveillance is covert if it's done in a way that tries to ensure the subject
is unaware it is, or could be, taking place. Covert surveillance is divided
 into two categories, both of which are subject to the Covert surveillance
and property interference code of practice.There are two kinds of covert
surveillance. These are: monitoring you in public (this is called 'directed
surveillance') monitoring you at home (this is called 'intrusive
surveillance'). Example: Officers of a local authority wish to drive past a
café for the purposes of obtaining a photograph of the exterior.
Reconnaissance of this nature is not likely to require a directed
surveillance authorisation as no private information about any person is
likely to be obtained or recorded

c. Overt Surveillance (100 Words)

- An overt investigation is an obvious investigation. People

encountering the overt investigator know that an investigation is taking
place. A common scenario would be a company investigator, dressed
in a conservative suit, arriving at the scene of a loss to interview
employees and collect evidence. Overt surveillance
involves surveillance monitoring equipment that is intentionally
placed so it is highly visible, fitted in plain view to deter criminal
activity, provide a sense of security and give people or businesses
peace of mind.
Overt surveillance Systems (OSS) used to be restricted to a camera
in a fixed point but they now include cameras that can move around
the area they cover by remote control, body worn videos (BWV)
including audio recording, automatic number plate recognition
cameras and unmanned aerial systems (UAS)

d. Fixed Surveillance (100 Words)

-In a fixed surveillance, or stakeout, it is the subject who remains

stationary. The surveillant may move around for closer observation of
the area or subject. When one surveillant is detailed to watch a place
with more than one exit, the surveillant may have to move about
considerably to maintain proper surveillance

Different surveillance methods

 Electronic surveillance – Electronic surveillance equipment is often the most used tool
during an investigation. ...
 Interviews – Interviews are far less common, but they can serve a purpose in certain
investigations. ...
 Observation – You can gather a lot of information just by observing someone
Surveillance is the close observation of someone, often in order to catch them in wrongdoing.
An example of surveillance is a private detective hired to follow a cheating spouse before
divorce proceedings. Close observation of a person or group, especially one under suspicion.

e. Moving Surveillance (100 Words)

- Mobile surveillance involves following a moving target. Say a case

involves theft from a transporter, investigators may have to follow it
along its route to observe whether or not an employee or driver is
stealing. Surveillance is the close observation of someone, often in
order to catch them in wrongdoing. An example of surveillance is a
private detective hired to follow a cheating spouse before divorce
proceedings. Close observation of a person or group, especially one
under suspicion.

3. Identify and discuss the different methods of foot surveillance. And, give complete
scenario showing the positioning, techniques and strategies of the different methods of FS.
(1000 words)

- 

Foot Surveillance

Foot surveillance is usually undertaken by two or more individuals. Normally, one surveillant
remains close to the target while the other stays at a greater distance. The second surveillant
may follow the first on the same side of the street or travel on the opposite side. The positions of
the surveillants are frequently changed, most commonly at road junctions. This requires that you
be alert not only to those people behind you but also to those across the street and in front of
you. If you see the same person more than once over a certain distance, even if that person is
not seen continuously, surveillance may be suspected. Individuals who are alert to the people in
their vicinity will eventually detect the same surveillant over a period of time.

One complicating factor is the use of disguises to make the surveillants look different. One
indicator of the use of a disguise is a shopping bag or some other container for a change of
clothes, particularly if the bag is from a shop not found in the area or the container somehow
 seems out of place. Pay particular attention to shoes and trousers or skirts. These items are
less easily and, therefore, less commonly changed. In lifts, watch for people who seem to wait
for you to push a button and then select a floor one flight above or below yours.

- Some of the most effective methods for detecting foot surveillance are:

 Stopping abruptly and looking to the rear.

 Suddenly reversing your course.
 Stopping abruptly after turning a corner.
 Watching reflections in shop windows or other reflective surfaces.
 Entering a building and leaving immediately by another exit.

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