OXYGEN

ADMINISTRATION

PRESENTED BY:
K. SIVASAKTHI,
M.SC NURSING IST YEAR,
CON- PIMS.
 INTRODUCTION

Oxygen is essential for human survival. Inspired air contains 21% of oxygen.
It is carried in the body largely in combination with hemoglobin and a small
quantity is transported in physical solution in plasma.
 OXYGEN THERAPY

• Oxygen therapy is the administration of

oxygen at concentrations greater than that in
room air to treat or prevent hypoxemia.

• Oxygen therapy is the administration of the

oxygen for treatment of the conditions
resulting from oxygen deficiency.
 PURPOSES

• To increase the oxygen tension of blood plasma

• To restore the oxyhemoglobin in the RBCs to the normal proportion

• To manage the condition of the hypoxia

• To maintain the ability of the cells to carry out the normal metabolic
function

• To reduce the risk of complications.

 PRINCIPLES
• The choice of system will depend upon the clinical status of the patient and desired
dose of oxygen

• Oxygen should be humidified.

• Oxygen delivery should be monitored with pulse oximeter.

• Young children may become frightened or agitated when oxygen is administered,

causing their clinical conditions to deteriorate. Therefore, they should remain in a
position of comfort whenever possible. A care giver can often hold the oxygen
source in proximity to or over the child’s face.

• The oxygen is a drug and as such should be prescribed accordingly.

 INDICATIONS
• Dyspnea without hypoxemia • Interstitial lung disease

• Postoperatively, dependent on instruction • Bronchiolitis

from surgical team • Cystic fibrosis
• Treatment of pneumothorax • Bronchiectasis
• Chronic lung disease • Obstructive sleep apnea and other sleep
• Congenital heart disease with pulmonary related disorders
hypertension • Palliative care for symptom relief.
• Pulmonary hypertension secondary to
respiratory disease
 ARTICLES/EQUIPMENTS
• Baby’s chart • Kidney tray
• Oxygen connecting tube • Adhesive tape and Scissors
• Flowmeter • Oxygen stand
• Humidifier filled with sterile • Gauze pieces, Cotton swabs if
water needed
• Oxygen source: Wall Outlets or • “No smoking” sign board
Oxygen cylinder • Gloves
• Tray with nasal cannula of
appropriate size or oxygen mask
METHODS OF OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
Face mask
Nasal cannula
Oxygen tent
Hood
Incubator
T-piece circuit
ECMO
High flow nasal cannula
 FACE MASK
It covers the client's nose and mouth may be
used for oxygen inhalation. Exhalation ports on
the sides of the mask allow exhaled carbon
dioxide to escape.

TYPES OF FACE MASKS:

1. SIMPLE FACE MASK: It delivers oxygen

concentrations from 40 to 60% at litre flows of
5 to 8 litres per minute, respectively.
2.PARTIAL REBREATHER MASK: Delivers oxygen concentration of
60 to 90% at litre flows of 6 to 10 litres per minute, respectively.
3.NON-REBREATHER MASK:
Delivers the highest oxygen
concentration possible 90 to 100%,
by means other than intubation or
mechanical ventilation, at litre
flows of 10 to 15 litres per minute.
4.VENTURI MASK (HUDSON
MASKS): Delivers oxygen
concentration varying from 24 to
40% or 60% at litre flows of 4 to
10 litres per minute.
Advantages: Provides a fixed
concentration of oxygen safely.
Disadvantages: Expensive
 NASAL CANNULA
• Also called nasal prongs.
• Is
the most common inexpensive device used to
administer oxygen.
• It
is easy to apply and does not interfere with
the client's ability to eat or talk.
• It
delivers a relatively low concentration of
oxygen which is 24 to 45% at flow rates of 2 to
6 litres per minute.
 OXYGEN TENT
• An oxygen tent consists of a canopy over the patient bed that may cover the
patient fully or partially and it is connected to a supply of oxygen.

• The canopies are transparent and enables the nurse to observe the patient.

• The lower part of the canopy is tucked under bed to prevent the escape of
oxygen.
 OXYGEN HOODS
• Oxygen hoods are clear, plastic cylinders that encompass the infant's head.

• Oxygen Concentrations of 80 to 90 % can be achieved with oxygen flow rates

of 10 to 15L/mt.

• Oxygen enters the hood through a gas inlet.

• Exhaled gas exists through the opening at the neck.

• The hood is usually well tolerated by new born.

• Infants in an oxygen hood are accessible for monitoring and other care.
 INCUBATOR

• If a neonate is placed in an incubator and requires oxygen it can be provided

with oxygen through a part for passing the air.

• The humidified oxygen is administered into the incubator.

• The incubator is used to provide a controlled environment for the neonate.

• Adjust the oxygen flow to achieve the desired concentration.

 T-PIECE CIRCUIT
• Deliver fixed percentage of oxygen
(according to gas flow rates) via an
endotracheal or tracheostomy tube.

• Deliver variable percentage of oxygen via

Hudson or tracheostomy mask.
 HIGH FLOW NASAL CANNULA
• Humidified high flow nasal cannula therapy is a form of non-
invasive respiratory support.
• HFNC is designed to administer a heated and humidified mixture
of air and oxygen at a flow higher than the patient’s inspiratory
flow.
• There is currently no single, simple definition of high flow.
• In neonates/infants, it usually refers to the delivery of oxygen at
flow rates greater than 2 to 3 L/min.
• In children, flow rates > 6 L/min are generally considered high
flow.
 ECMO (EXTRA CORPOREAL
MEMBRANE OXYGENATION)
• ECMO or Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation is a form of extracorporeal life

support where an external artificial circuit carries venous blood from the patient to

a gas exchange device (oxygenator) where blood becomes enriched with oxygen

and has carbon dioxide removed. This blood then re enters the patient circulation.

• ECMO circuit blood flow is optimized to provide adequate patient support in the

absence of native lung or heart function.

NURSES RESPONSIBILITY IN ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN
• Check the name, bed number and other identifications
• Check the diagnosis and need for oxygen therapy
• Check the doctor’s orders for initiation of therapy
• Assess the patient’s vital signs
• Check the results of arterial blood gas analysis
• Note any signs of pulmonary dysfunction
• Inspect the skin and nose and surrounding areas for any skin lesions
• Check the patient’s mental status and ability to follow instructions
• Check the articles available in the unit.
 AFTER CARE OF THE PATIENT
• Stay with child until she is recovered
• Keep the child warm and comfort
• Evaluate the child's progress by child's monitoring of vital signs
• Watch the child for any detorioratory symptoms after removal of oxygen
• Record the procedure date and time
• Request for an arterial blood gas analysis at specified intervals to treat
hypoxia
• Clean the all articles and take it and replace it in utility room
• Clean the nasal catheter with cold water then warm water.
 COMPLICATIONS
• Retrolentalfibroplasia: A high concentration of oxygen for
prolonged period can damage the immature retinal blood vessels in
premature infants.
• Carbon monoxide narcosis:
• Pulmonary congestion
• Bronchiolar edema
• Broncho pulmonary necrotizing bronchiolitis
• Oxygen toxicity
• Pulmonary diseases and seizure disorders.
 CONCLUSION
Oxygen therapy refers to the administration of supplemental oxygen as part
of managing illness. In healthy individuals, oxygen is absorbed from the air
in adequate amounts, but certain diseases and conditions can prevent some
people from absorbing enough oxygen.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Book reference:

1. Padmaja. A, “Pediatric Nursing Procedure Manual” jaypee brothers medical

publication, first edition (2014) page no:198-201.
2. Kavitha. k, “Comprehensive Manual of Pediatric Nursing Procedures” jaypee
brothers publication, first edition (2015) page no:112-114.
Net reference:
 https://www.slideshare.net/AbhayRajpoot3/oxygen-therapy-227775725
 https://www.slideshare.net/cetdmgh/oxygen-therapy-151465664
 https://www.slideshare.net/KaleemAhmad17/oxygen-therapy-78284351
DEMONSTRATION