Community Research Program

CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Objectives


understand how to conduct cross sectional study in medical sciences

understand when to use cross sectional study in medical sciences

understand the timeline in cross sectional study

know the sampling technique in cross sectional study

know how to analize in cross sectional study

understand the strengh and weakness in cross sectional study
Formulating Selecting
Research Research Writing
Problem Design Proposal

Reporting
Data analysis
study (presentation)
Data Collection
WHY?



to assess the FREQUENCY and
DISTRIBUTION of a particular
disease in a defined population
(descriptive)
 Variable? Population?
Problem? How to answer?
 Variable?
Population?

Problem?
How to answer?
WHY?



to investigate the association between
a PUTATIVE risk factor and a health
outcome. (analytic)
 Variable? Population?
Problem? How to answer?
Measuring variables?
Variable? Population? Problem? How to answer?
Measuring variables? →Conclusion? Bias?
Rigorous study confirmation is needed
Data collection



As data on exposures and outcomes are collected simultaneously

specific inclusion and exclusion criteria should be established at the design
stage, to ensure that those with the outcome are correctly identified.

The data collection methods will depend on the exposure, outcome and study
setting, but include questionnaires and interviews, as well as medical
examinations. Routine data sources may also be used.

Simultaneous data collection (exposure, outcome, and
confounders)

Variables (definition? Measurement?)
Why Random Sampling?

Person with outcome

Healthy

What will
happen?
Choosing a representative sample


 A cross-sectional study should be REPRESENTATIVE

of whole the population,


 if generalisations from the findings are to have any

validity.
 2.1. Source of the
Sample

We requested a list of
randomly selected
candidates aged 18 and
older in each specific
health district.......
Sample size



The sample size should be SUFFICIENTLY LARGE ENOUGH to estimate the
prevalence of the conditions of interest with adequate precision.

The larger the study, the less likely the results are due to chance alone, but
this will also have IMPLICATIONS FOR COST.
 sample size of
12,000
inhabitants

Primary/
secondary data?
PREVALENCE


The main outcome measure obtained from a cross-
sectional study is prevalence


Numbers of cases in certain population and in a point of
time
Prevalence

Oct. 1, 2004 – Apr. 1,2005

Prevalence?
Incidence?
Make 2X2 table!
PERSON HYPOGLYCEMIA SEIZURE

1-12 Negative Negative

13-15 Positive Positive

16-28 Positive Negative

29-43 Negative Positive

44-50 Positive Positive

 Make 2X2 table!
Seizures (+) Seizures (-)

Hypoglicemia (+) A B A+B

Hypoglicemia (-) C D C+D

1)Prevelence in population A+C B+D A+B+C+D

with risk?
2)Prevelence in populatin
without risk?
3)Prevelence?
 Make 2X2 table!
Seizures (+) Seizures (-)

Hypoglicemia (+) A = 10 B = 13 23

Hypoglicemia (-) C = 15 D = 12 37

1)Prevalence in population
with risk? 25 25 50
2)Prevalence in populatin
without risk?
3)Prevalence?
4)Prevalence ratio?
Prevalence

1) Prevalence in population with risk? 10/23 = 43,5 %

2) Prevalence in populatin without risk? 25/37 = 67,5 %
3) Prevalence? 35/50 = 70 %
4) Prevalence ratio? 10/23 : 25/37 = 0.64 X
 GOOGLE CLASSROOM

Class code: wnibpv

Answer 5 questions in stream