NETWORKING AND

COMMUNIACATIO
NS
9B & 9C
Agenda

• DEFINE NETWORKING
• DEFINE COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS
• EXPLAIN WHY COMMUNICATIONS
PROTOCOLS ARE NECESSARY
• DISTINGUISH BETWEEN AND EVALUATE
DIFFERENT NETWORKS ACCORDING TO
SIZE (PHYSICAL SIZE OF NETWORK)
NETWORKIN
G
Networking refers to the practice of
connecting computers, devices, and other
endpoints together to facilitate
communication and resource sharing. In
the digital realm, networking enables
devices to exchange data and
communicate with each other over a
variety of mediums, such as wired and
wireless connections
COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS

• Communications protocols are sets of rules

and conventions that govern the exchange of
data between devices in a networked
environment. These protocols define the
format, timing, sequencing, and error control
of data transmission, ensuring that devices
can communicate effectively with each other.
KEY ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATIONS
PROTOCOLS INCLUDE

• Message Format: Protocols specify how data should be

structured and formatted for transmission. This includes details
such as the size and arrangement of data fields, headers, and
trailers.

• Addressing and Routing: Protocols establish methods for

identifying the source and destination of data, as well as
determining the path it should take through the network to reach
its destination.
KEY ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATIONS
PROTOCOLS INCLUDE
Data Transmission: Protocols define how data is transmitted
over the communication medium, including the encoding of
data bits, modulation techniques for analog signals, and
methods for error detection and correction.

Handshaking and Flow Control: Protocols often include

mechanisms for establishing and maintaining communication
sessions between devices, as well as controlling the flow of
data to prevent overload or congestion.
KEY ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATIONS
PROTOCOLS INCLUDE

Error Handling: Protocols specify how errors in data

transmission should be detected, reported, and corrected.
This may involve techniques such as checksums,
acknowledgments, and retransmissions.

Security: Many protocols incorporate security features to

protect data from interception, tampering, or unauthorized
access. This may include encryption, authentication, and
access control mechanisms.
EXAMPLES OF COMMONLY USED
COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Used for
communication between devices on the internet and many other networks.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for transmitting web pages
and other hypertext documents over the internet.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for sending email
messages between servers.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between
computers on a network.
DNS (Domain Name System): Used for translating domain names into IP
addresses.
EVALUATING DIFFERENT
NETWORKS ACCORDING
TO SIZE

NETWORK TYPES
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

Local Area Networks (LANs):

LANs connect devices within a limited
geographical area, such as a home, office,
or campus. They often use Ethernet cables
or Wi-Fi for communication.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Is a type of computer network that spans a
metropolitan area or city. It typically covers
a larger geographical area than a local area
network (LAN) but is smaller than a wide
area network (WAN).
WIDE AREA NETWORK

Wide Area Networks (WANs):

WANs span large geographical areas and
connect LANs together. The internet is the
largest example of a WAN, connecting
devices and networks worldwide.
FINAL PART

• THIS IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY

TO ASK QUESTIONS
Thank you
Mr. H. A. Nghipandulwa
Computer Science
Grade 9