How we can overcome Physical

Disabilities Through Awareness

Muhammad Waqas
Rehab. Specialist
 Table of contents
• Drop Foot
• Club foot CTEV
• Spina bifida
• Cerebral Palsy
• Fracture
• Pes planus /flat feet /pes planovalgus
• Poliomyletis
• Hip Dislocation
. Low Back Pain
.Spinal Deformities ( Scoliosis ,kyphosis ,lordosis)
.wrist Drop
.Tennis Elbow /Golfer Elbow
.LLD (Leg length discrepancy)
.Amputation
 Pes Planus /flat feet
Pes planus commonly referred to as “flat feet,”
is a relatively common foot deformity and is
defined by the loss of the medial longitudinal
arch of the foot .
Complication :
.pain
.Postural deformity
 Spinal Deformities
a.Scoliosis
b.Kyphosis
c.Lordosis
Scoliosis :
Scoliosis can be caused by neuromuscular conditions,
connective tissue disorders, and genetic conditions.
But, approximately 85 percent of scoliosis
cases have no known cause (idiopathic). Types of
scoliosis include: Congenital scoliosis, which is
scoliosis that is present at birth.
 Kyphosis
• Poor posture in childhood, such as slouching,
leaning back in chairs and carrying heavy
schoolbags, can cause the ligaments and
muscles that support the vertebrae to
stretch. This can pull the thoracic vertebrae
out of their normal position, resulting in
kyphosis.

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 Lordosis

• Lordosis is an increased inward curving of the lumbar spine

(just above the buttocks).
• Lordosis is often due to an imbalance between the muscles
surrounding the pelvic bones.
• Treatment options include:
• medication, to reduce pain and swelling.
• daily physical therapy, to strengthen muscles and range of
motion.
• weight loss, to help posture.
• braces, in children and teens.
 LLD (leg length Discrepancy)
• Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is defined as a
condition in which the paired lower extremity
limbs have a noticeably unequal length.
• Complication :
This can lead to a variety of symptoms, such
as functional scoliosis, and hip, knee and
ankle problems.
 Amputation
The removal by surgery of a limb (arm or leg) or other body
part because of injury or disease, such as diabetes or
cancer.
Complication :
• heart problems such as heart attack.
• deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• slow wound healing and wound infection.
• pneumonia.
• stump and "phantom limb" pain.
 Treatment

Cryotherapy is the use of extreme

cold to freeze and remove
abnormal tissue,
Treatment
Posterior Leaf spring AFO
With Calf strap
Must be flexible at ankle to provide Dorsiflexion

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 Club foot-CTEV
• Clubfoot is a deformity in which an infant's
foot is turned inward, often so severely that
the bottom of the foot faces sideways or even
upward.
• Approximately one infant in every 1,000 live
births will have clubfoot, making it one of the
more common congenital (present at birth)
foot deformities.
 Club foot-CTEV
• Clubfoot is not painful during infancy.
However, if your child's clubfoot is not treated,
the foot will remain deformed, and he or she
will not be able to walk normally.
• With proper treatment, however, the majority
of children are able to enjoy a wide range of
physical activities with little trace of the
deformity.
 Club foot-CTEV
• Most cases of clubfoot are successfully treated
with nonsurgical methods that may include a
combination of stretching, casting, and
bracing. Treatment usually begins shortly after
birth.
 Appearance
• Clubfoot can range from mild to severe, but typically has the
same general appearance.
• The foot is turned inward and there is often a deep crease on
the bottom of the foot.
• In limbs affected by clubfoot, the foot and leg are slightly
shorter than normal, and the calf is thinner due to
underdeveloped muscles.
• These differences are more obvious in children with clubfoot
on only one side.
 Complications
• Regardless of the type or severity, clubfoot will
not improve without treatment.
• A child with an untreated clubfoot will walk on
the outer edge (Lateral Border)of the foot
instead of the sole, develop painful calluses, be
unable to wear shoes, and have lifelong painful
feet that often severely limit activity.
• Embarrassment in society.
• More energy Consumptions.
 Causes
• Researchers are still uncertain about the cause
of clubfoot. (Idiopathic)
• The most widely accepted theory is that
clubfoot is caused by a combination of genetic
and environmental factors.
• however, there is an increased risk in families
with a history of clubfeet.
 Treatment
• The goal of treatment is to obtain a functional,
pain-free foot that enables standing and
walking with the proper base of support.
 Non-Surgical
• The initial treatment of clubfoot is
nonsurgical, regardless of how severe the
deformity is.
• Ponseti method: The most widely used
technique in North America and throughout
the world is the Ponseti method, which uses
gentle stretching and casting to gradually
correct the deformity.
 Bracing
• Even after successful correction with casting,
clubfeet have a natural tendency to recur.
• To ensure that the foot will permanently stay in the
correct position, club foot child will need to wear a
brace commonly called "boots and bar“ for a few
years.
• The brace keeps the foot at the proper angle to
maintain the correction.
• This bracing program can be demanding for parents
and families, but is essential to prevent relapses.
Dennis Brown Shoes-DB shoes
 Spina Bifida
• Spina bifida is when a baby's spine and spinal
cord does not develop properly in the womb,
causing a gap in the spine.
• Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect.
• The neural tube is the structure that
eventually develops into the baby's brain and
spinal cord.
 Types-Spina bifida occulta
• "Occulta" means hidden. It's the mildest and
most common type. Spina bifida occulta
results in a small separation or gap in one or
more of the bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Many people who have Spina bifida occulta
don't even know it, unless the condition is
discovered during an imaging test done for
unrelated reasons.
 Myelomeningocele
• Also known as open spina bifida,
Myelomeningocele is the most severe type. The
spinal canal is open along several vertebrae in the
lower or middle back. The membranes and spinal
nerves push through this opening at birth,
forming a sac on the baby's back, typically
exposing tissues and nerves. This makes the baby
prone to life-threatening infections and may also
cause paralysis and bladder and bowel
dysfunction.
Types
 Treatment
• Surgery after birth
• Orthoses to prevent further
complications
• Assistive devices for
ambulation/support
 Cerebral Palsy
• Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a
person’s ability to move and maintain balance and
posture.
• CP is the most common motor disability found in
childhood.
• Cerebral means having to do with the brain.
• Palsy means weakness or problems with using the
muscles.
• CP is caused by abnormal brain development or damage
to the developing brain that affects a person’s ability to
control his or her muscles.
 Symptoms
• The symptoms of CP vary from person to person.
• A person with severe CP might need to use special
equipment to be able to walk, or might not be able
to walk at all and might need lifelong care.
• A person with mild CP, on the other hand, might
walk a little awkwardly, but might not need any
special help.
• CP does not get worse over time, though the
symptoms can change over a person’s lifetime.
(Secondary Deformities)
 Symptoms
• All people with CP have problems with
movement and posture.
• Many also have related conditions such as
intellectual disability, seizures, problems with
vision, hearing, or speech, changes in the
spine (such as scoliosis) or joint problems
(such as contractures).
 Types
• The most common type of CP is spastic CP. Spastic CP
affects about 80% of people with CP.
• People with spastic CP have increased muscle tone.
This means their muscles are stiff and, as a result,
their movements can be awkward.
• Spastic CP usually is described by what parts of the
body are affected:
I. Spastic Hemiplegic
II. Spastic Diplegic
III. Spastic Quadriplegic
 Dyskinetic Cerebral palsy
• also includes Athetoid, choreoathetoid, and dystonic
cerebral palsies
• People with Dyskinetic CP have problems controlling
the movement of their hands, arms, feet, and legs,
making it difficult to sit and walk.
• The movements are uncontrollable and can be slow
and writhing or rapid and jerky.
• Sometimes the face and tongue are affected and the
person has a hard time sucking, swallowing, and
talking.
 Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
• People with ataxic CP have problems with
balance and coordination.
• They might be unsteady when they walk. They
might have a hard time with quick movements
or movements that need a lot of control, like
writing.
• They might have a hard time controlling their
hands or arms when they reach for
something.
 Treatment
• Physiotherapy
• Speech therapy
• Occupational therapy
• Psychotherapy
• Orthosis
• surgery
 Fracture
• A bone fracture is a medical
condition where the continuity of the
bone is broken. or
• A fracture is a break, usually in a
bone.
• Fractures commonly happen because
of car accidents, falls, or sports
injuries.
• Other causes are low bone density
and osteoporosis, which cause
weakening of the bones
 Symptoms
• Intense pain
• Deformity - the limb looks out of place
• Swelling, bruising(skin dislocation), or
tenderness (Pain) around the injury
• Numbness and tingling
• Problems moving a limb
 Diagnosis
• Bone scan
• Bone x-ray
 Plaster cast
• Plaster casts are made up of a bandage and a
hard covering, usually plaster of Paris or fiber
glass.
• The purpose of the cast is to maintain
fracture position and immobilize the bone to
allow the fracture to heal in the correct
position
• It usually need to stay on for between 4 and
12 weeks.
• It prevents swelling.
• Minimize pain
• Allows Heeling
 Orthotic Treatment
• Braces are usually made of molded plastic that function like a cast for
specific relatively stable or healing fractures. These are removable for
hygienic purposes.
• A Tibial Fracture Brace is a protective device worn on the lower leg to
aid in healing and alignment of an injured bone. The brace promotes
fracture healing by compressing the soft tissue in the leg to limit its
motion (Immobilization). It is imperative that the straps and plastic
shell stay tight over the tibia (shin bone) to allow for proper healing.

• The Fracture Brace should be treated like a cast, meaning it should be

worn full-time. doctor will determine if the brace can be removed at
certain times during the treatment period. As the swelling in your leg
decreases, you may notice that the brace becomes loose. Tighten the
Velcro straps to ensure the brace maintains compression.
 Polio, Poliomyelitis
Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-
threatening disease caused by the poliovirus.
The virus spreads from person to person and can
infect a person's spinal cord, causing paralysis
(can't move parts of the body). There are three
wild types of poliovirus (WPV) – type 1, type 2,
and type 3. People need to be protected against
all three types of the virus in order to prevent
polio disease and the polio vaccination is the best
protection.
Ab
 Hip Dislocation, DDH
• A hip dislocation is when the thighbone (femur)
separates from the hip bone (pelvis). Specifically it
is when the ball–shaped head of the femur (femoral
head) separates from its cup–shaped socket in the
hip bone, known as the acetabulum.
• Treatment: Reduction of the hip carried out un...
• Differential diagnosis: Hip fracture, hip dysplasia
• Symptoms: Hip pain, trouble moving the hip
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 Tennis elbow
• Tennis elbow is a condition that causes pain
around the outside of the elbow. It's clinically
known as lateral epicondylitis. It often
happens after overuse or repeated action of
the muscles of the forearm, near the elbow
joint.
• Symptoms: Pain
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 Golfer's elbow
• Golfer's elbow is a condition that causes pain
where the tendons of your forearm muscles
attach to the bony bump on the inside of your
elbow. The pain might spread into your
forearm and wrist. Golfer's elbow is similar to
tennis elbow, which occurs on the outside of
the elbow.10-Oct-2020
• Symptoms: Pain
Any Question?

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