GROUP 4

Understanding the Basics of MDG’s

JARECK DANE BANASIA

MARK MANUEL PACANTARA
MARK BERNARD BETASOLO
JENNYROSE AMISTOSO
Millennium
Development
Goal
W H AT I S T H E

Millennium
Development
Goal
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
are 8 goals that UN Member States have agreed to try to
achieve by the year 2015. The United Nations Millennium
Declaration, signed in September 2000, commits world leaders
to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental
degradation, and discrimination against women.
They were aimed at addressing global challenges. The MDGs
sought to improve the lives of people in developing countries
by setting specific targets that they tried to achieve by 2015.
They provided a framework for countries, organizations,
and individuals to work together towards common goals,
with a focus on addressing the needs of the most
vulnerable populations. While significant progress was
made on many of the goals by the target date of 2015,
there were still challenges and gaps in achievement.
As a result, the MDGs were succeeded by the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, which build upon the
achievements and lessons learned from the MDGs while aiming
for a broader and more comprehensive approach to sustainable
development.
8 MDG’S
eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

­Achieve universal primary education

Promote gender equality and empower women

Reduce child mortality

8 MDG’S
Improve maternal health

Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other major

diseases

Ensure environmental sustainability

Develop a Global Partnership for Development

 GROUP 4

REDUCING
CHILD
MORTALITY
CHILD MORTALITY
Understanding the Basics of MDG’s

JARECK DANE BANASIA

MARK MANUEL PACANTARA
MARK BERNARD BETASOLO
JENNYROSE AMISTOSO
ChildMortality
mortality rate?
 CHILD
MORTALITY
Child mortality refers to the death of children under the age of
five. It's a critical indicator of the overall health and well-being
of a population, reflecting the availability and quality of
healthcare services, nutrition, sanitation, and socioeconomic
conditions.
CHILD
MORTALITY
 CHILD MORTALITY:
BACKGROUND
Child mortality, also known as under-5 mortality, is a critical
indicator of the health and well-being of a population,
particularly in developing countries. It refers to the death of
children under the age of five and is measured as the number of
deaths per 1,000 live births. Child mortality rates vary
significantly across regions and countries, with higher rates
typically observed in low-income and resource-constrained
settings.
How is Child Mortality Measured?

Child mortality is typically measured using the Under-5

Mortality Rate (U5MR), which represents the probability of a
child dying before reaching the age of five, expressed per 1,000
?
live births. This metric provides a comprehensive assessment of
child survival and is often used to monitor progress toward
reducing child mortality globally.
.
pHP: 68, 113 OTHER COUNTIRES IN e-asia
and pacific: 286, 940
CAUSE
A N D

EFFECT
CAUSES
CAUSES • Pneumonia: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death
in children under the age of five, particularly in
THERE ARE OVER developing countries. It is often caused by bacteria,
HUNDREDS OF viruses, or fungi and can be exacerbated by factors
CAUSES THAT
such as malnutrition and inadequate healthcare
CONTIBUTE TO
CHILD MORTALITY access.
• Diarrheal Diseases: Diarrheal diseases, primarily
caused by contaminated water and poor sanitation,
are a significant cause of child mortality, especially
in areas with limited access to clean water and
proper sanitation facilities.
CAUSES • Malnutrition: Malnutrition, both undernutrition and
overnutrition, contributes to child mortality by
THERE ARE OVER weakening the immune system, increasing susceptibility
HUNDREDS OF to infections, and impairing physical and cognitive
CAUSES THAT
development.
CONTIBUTE TO
• Malaria: Malaria, transmitted through the bite of
CHILD MORTALITY
infected mosquitoes, disproportionately affects children
under five years old, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Without prompt and effective treatment, malaria can
quickly become life-threatening.
CAUSES • HIV/AIDS: Children born to HIV-positive mothers are
at risk of acquiring the virus during pregnancy,
THERE ARE OVER childbirth, or breastfeeding. Without access to
HUNDREDS OF antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS can lead to
CAUSES THAT
serious illnesses and premature death in children.
CONTIBUTE TO
• Birth Complications: Birth complications, such as birth
CHILD MORTALITY
asphyxia, preterm birth, and neonatal infections, are
significant contributors to neonatal mortality (deaths
within the first month of life).
• Injuries: Accidents and injuries, including drowning,
burns, and road traffic accidents, contribute to child
mortality, particularly in older children.
EFFECTS
EFFECTS The effects of child mortality extend
beyond the immediate loss of life and
have profound consequences on
families, communities, and societies
as a whole. Some of the known effects
of child mortality include:
EFFECTS • Emotional and Psychological Impact: The loss of
a child can have long-lasting emotional and
psychological effects on parents, siblings, and
other family members, leading to grief,
depression, and anxiety.
• Impact on Family Dynamics: The death of a
child can disrupt family dynamics and
relationships, leading to increased stress and
tension within the family unit.
EFFECTS
• Economic Burden: Child mortality imposes
significant economic costs on families and
communities. Families may incur medical
expenses related to the child's illness and death,
and they may also experience a loss of income if
a parent needs to take time off work to care for
the sick child or mourn their loss.
EFFECTS
• Reduced Human Capital: Child mortality reduces
human capital by depriving societies of the
potential contributions that children could have
made as they grow older. This includes their
potential future productivity, contributions to the
workforce, and intellectual development.
EFFECTS
• Community Effects: Child mortality can have
broader effects on communities, including social
cohesion and community resilience. High child
mortality rates can erode trust in healthcare
systems and government institutions, leading to
social unrest and instability.
EFFECTS
• Healthcare System Strain: High child mortality
rates place strain on healthcare systems,
particularly in low-income countries with limited
resources. Healthcare facilities may be
overwhelmed by the demand for services, leading
to inadequate care for sick children and further
exacerbating mortality rates.
Child Mortality
as Part of
MDG’s
 W H Y / H O W I S

Child Mortality
Part of MDG’s
Why is Child Mortality Part of
MDG’s?
Child mortality was AND IS a crucial
component of the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) because it
reflects the fundamental health and well-
being of a society, particularly its most
vulnerable members. High rates of child
mortality indicate systemic challenges in
healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, and
Why is Child Mortality Part of
MDG’s?
By including a specific goal to reduce
child mortality, the MDGs recognized the
urgency of addressing preventable deaths
among children under five years old.
Achieving this goal not only saves lives
but also contributes to broader
development objectives such as poverty
Why is Child Mortality Part of
MDG’s?
Furthermore, progress in reducing child
mortality serves as a key indicator of
overall societal development and reflects
the effectiveness of interventions in
improving healthcare access, maternal and
child nutrition, immunization coverage,
and sanitation.
Why is Child Mortality Part of
MDG’s?
Thus, prioritizing the reduction of child
mortality within the MDGs was essential
for advancing global health and
sustainable development agendas.
How is Child Mortality Part of
MDG’s?
Child mortality, addressed in Goal 4 of the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
aimed to reduce child mortality rates by
emphasizing access to healthcare, nutrition,
and sanitation. The MDGs recognized that
child deaths under five are preventable and
outlined specific targets, including a two-
thirds reduction in under-5 mortality by
How is Child Mortality Part of
MDG’s?
By prioritizing child health, the MDGs
aimed to promote sustainable development,
recognizing the broader societal benefits of
healthy populations. Through targeted
interventions and global cooperation, the
MDGs sought to address the root causes of
child mortality and create a world where
every child can survive and thrive.
 GOAL OF THE
MILLENIUM
DEVELOPMENT TO
CHILD
MORTALITY
GOAL:
The goal of the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) towards child mortality was to significantly
reduce child mortality rates and improve child health
globally. Specifically, MDG Goal 4 aimed to reduce
the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds between
1990 and 2015.
GOAL: This goal underscored the importance of ensuring
that children have access to essential healthcare
services, adequate nutrition, and sanitation to
prevent avoidable deaths. By prioritizing child
health, the MDGs aimed to address one of the most
pressing global health challenges and contribute to
broader societal well-being, recognizing that
progress in reducing child mortality not only saves
lives but also fosters economic growth and promotes
social equity.
WHAT IF THE GOALS ARE
ACHIEVE OR NOT ACHIEVE?
 IF THE GOALS ARE ACHIEVE
• Decreased Child Mortality Rates: Achieving the MDG
targets would result in a significant reduction in child
mortality rates globally. This means fewer children
would die before the age of five, leading to healthier
populations.
• Improved Child Health: With fewer children dying from
preventable causes such as infectious diseases,
malnutrition, and lack of access to healthcare, overall
child health would improve. Children would have a
better chance of surviving and thriving into adulthood.
IF THE GOALS ARE ACHIEVE
• Reduced Economic Burden: Families and communities
would experience reduced economic burdens associated
with child mortality. There would be fewer medical
expenses related to treating sick children, and families
would not suffer the loss of income due to caring for
sick children or mourning their deaths.
• Enhanced Social Cohesion: Lower child mortality rates
could contribute to enhanced social cohesion and
community resilience. Families would experience less
grief and trauma from losing children, leading to
stronger social bonds within communities.
IF THE GOALS ARE ACHIEVE

• Improved Healthcare Systems: Achieving MDG targets

on reducing child mortality would necessitate
improvements in healthcare systems, including
increased access to essential healthcare services, better
infrastructure, and trained healthcare professionals.
This would lead to more resilient and responsive
healthcare systems that can address the needs of
children and families.
IF THE GOALS ARE ACHIEVE

Positive Impact on Sustainable Development: Improving

child health and reducing child mortality are integral
components of sustainable development. Healthy children
are more likely to attend school, contribute to economic
growth, and participate in society, leading to long-term
sustainable development outcomes.
IF THE GOALS ARE ACHIEVE

Progress towards Achieving Other MDG Goals: Success in

reducing child mortality would contribute to progress in
achieving other MDG goals, such as improving maternal
health (MDG Goal 5), combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and
other diseases (MDG Goal 6), and promoting gender
equality and empowering women (MDG Goal 3). These
goals are interconnected, and progress in one area often
reinforces progress in others.
IF THE GOALS ARE ACHIEVE

• Increased Human Capital: Children who survive and

grow into adulthood contribute to the future workforce
and economic development of their countries. By
reducing child mortality, societies would benefit from
increased human capital and productivity.
IF THE GOALS ARE NOT ACHIEVE
• Continued Loss of Lives: Failure to reduce child
mortality means that more children will continue to die
prematurely from preventable causes such as infectious
diseases, malnutrition, and lack of access to healthcare.
• Increased Burden on Families and Communities:
Families and communities will continue to bear the
emotional, psychological, and economic burden of
losing children, leading to increased stress, grief, and
financial strain.
IF THE GOALS ARE NOT ACHIEVE
• Impact on Sustainable Development: High child
mortality rates hinder progress towards sustainable
development goals, as healthy children are essential for
building resilient communities and driving economic
growth.
• Inter-generational Cycle of Poverty: Persistently high
child mortality rates perpetuate cycles of poverty and
inequality by depriving children of the opportunity to
reach their full potential and contribute to society,
leading to long-term economic and social consequences.
IF THE GOALS ARE NOT ACHIEVE
• Healthcare System Strain: Healthcare systems will
remain strained and overwhelmed, particularly in low-
income countries, where resources are already limited.
This can lead to inadequate healthcare provision for
sick children and exacerbate health disparities.
• Undermined Trust in Institutions: Failure to achieve
MDG targets on child mortality may undermine trust in
healthcare systems, government institutions, and
international development efforts, leading to social
unrest and disillusionment among affected populations.
IF THE GOALS ARE NOT ACHIEVE
• Loss of Human Capital: Continued child mortality
results in the loss of human capital, as children who
could have grown up to become productive members of
society are lost prematurely. This hinders economic
development and prosperity.
• Persistent Health Inequities: High child mortality rates
perpetuate health inequities, disproportionately
affecting marginalized and vulnerable populations,
including those living in rural areas, urban slums, and
conflict-affected regions.
IF THE GOALS ARE NOT ACHIEVE
• Failure to Meet International Commitments: Failure to
achieve MDG targets on reducing child mortality
reflects a failure to meet international commitments and
obligations to improve the health and well-being of
children worldwide, undermining global efforts towards
achieving health equity and social justice.
ACTIONS
BEING

DONE
• Immunization Campaigns:
International organizations,
governments, and NGOs have conducted
extensive immunization campaigns to
increase vaccination coverage against
preventable childhood diseases such as
measles, polio, diphtheria, pertussis,
and tetanus. Vaccination programs have
been critical in reducing child mortality
by preventing illnesses and
complications.
• Improving Access to Healthcare
Services: Efforts have been made to
improve access to essential healthcare
services for mothers and children,
particularly in underserved and remote
areas. This includes expanding the
coverage of maternal and child health
services, training healthcare workers,
and building infrastructure such as
clinics and hospitals.
• Enhancing Nutrition Programs:
Nutrition interventions targeting
pregnant women and young children
have been implemented to address
malnutrition, a leading cause of child
mortality. These programs include
promoting breastfeeding, providing
nutritional supplements, and improving
access to nutritious foods.
• Preventive Healthcare Interventions:
Preventive healthcare interventions,
such as promoting hygiene practices,
ensuring access to clean water and
sanitation facilities, and educating
communities about disease prevention,
have been crucial in reducing the
incidence of infectious diseases and
improving child health outcomes.
• Maternal and Child Health Education:
Education and awareness-raising
initiatives have been conducted to
empower mothers and communities with
knowledge about maternal and child
health, including the importance of
prenatal care, breastfeeding, hygiene,
and recognizing signs of illness in
children.
• Combatting Infectious Diseases: Efforts
to combat infectious diseases that
disproportionately affect children, such
as malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, and
HIV/AIDS, have been intensified
through initiatives such as the
distribution of insecticide-treated bed
nets, provision of oral rehydration
therapy, and expansion of antiretroviral
therapy programs.
• Strengthening Health Systems:
Capacity-building initiatives aimed at
strengthening health systems have been
undertaken to improve the quality and
availability of healthcare services,
enhance disease surveillance and
response capabilities, and ensure the
availability of essential medicines and
supplies.
• Promoting International Cooperation:
International cooperation and
partnerships among governments,
international organizations, NGOs, and
other stakeholders have been
instrumental in mobilizing resources,
sharing best practices, and coordinating
efforts to address child mortality
globally.
PROGRAMS:
• Expanded Program on Immunization
(EPI)
• Integrated Management of Childhood
Illness (IMCI)
• Global Alliance for Vaccines and
Immunization (GAVI)
• United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF) Health Programs
PROGRAMS:
• Integrated Management of Childhood
Illness (IMCI)
• Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
(PhilHealth) Coverage
• Safe Motherhood and Maternal Health
Programs
• Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)
Initiatives
PROGRAMS:
• National Nutrition Council (NNC)
Programs
CONCLU (MDGs) are 8 goals that UN Member States have
agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015. They
SION: provided a framework for countries, organizations,
and individuals to work together.
child mortality, referring to the death of children
under the age of five, serves as a pivotal indicator
of a population's health and well-being. It reflects
the accessibility and caliber of healthcare services,
nutrition, sanitation, and socioeconomic factors
within a community.
CONCLU Reducing child mortality is a key component of
global health and development efforts. Addressing
SION: child mortality not only saves lives but also
contributes to broader development goals by
improving maternal health, promoting gender
equality, and reducing poverty and the reduction
of child mortality within the MDGs was essential
for advancing global health and sustainable
development agendas.
thank
you