Uni-

Programming
The user has to submit a job (written on cards or
tape) to a computer operator.

Then computer operator places a batch of

several jobs on an input device.

Batch/Uni-
Jobs are batched together by type of languages
and requirement.
Programming
Then a special program, the monitor, manages
the execution of each program in the batch.
Memory Layout
for
Uniprogramming
Uni-Programming
OS

P1

CPU
P2

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
0
OS
Clock

P1 CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
1
OS
Clock

P1 CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
2
OS
Clock

P1 CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
3
OS
Clock

P1 CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
4
OS
Clock

P1 CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
CPU is
idle
5
OS
Clock

CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 P1 I/O
Uni-Programming
CPU is
idle
6
OS
Clock

CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 P1 I/O
Uni-Programming
CPU is
idle
7
OS
Clock

CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 P1 I/O
Uni-Programming
CPU is
idle
8
OS
Clock

CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 P1 I/O
Uni-Programming
CPU is
idle
9
OS
Clock

CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 P1 I/O
Uni-Programming
10
OS
Clock

CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 P1 I/O
Uni-Programming
11
OS
Clock

P1 CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
12
OS
Clock

P2
P1 CPU
P2 P1

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
13
OS
Clock

P2 CPU
P2

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
14
OS
Clock

P2 CPU
P2

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
15
OS
Clock

P2 CPU
P2

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
16
OS
Clock

P3
P2 CPU
P2

P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
17
OS
Clock

P3 CPU
P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
CPU is
idle
18
OS
Clock

CPU
P3

P4 P3 I/O
Uni-Programming
CPU is
idle
19
OS
Clock

CPU
P3

P4 P3 I/O
Uni-Programming
CPU is
idle
20
OS
Clock

CPU
P3

P4 P3 I/O
Uni-Programming
21
OS
Clock

CPU
P3

P4 P3 I/O
Uni-Programming
22
OS
Clock

P3 CPU
P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
23
OS
Clock

P4
P3 CPU
P3

P4 I/O
Uni-Programming
24
OS
Clock

P4 CPU
P4

I/O
Uni-Programming
25
OS
Clock

P4 CPU
P4

I/O
Uni-Programming
00
OS
Clock

P4 CPU
P4

I/O
 Uni-programming
I/O operations are exceedingly slow
(compared to instruction execution).

A program containing even a very small

number of I/O operations, will spend
most of its time waiting for them.

Hence: poor CPU usage when only one

program is present in memory.
ZeroDisadvantages
interaction between user
and computer.

No mechanism to prioritize
processes

Poor CPU usage when only one

program is present in memory.