Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
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INTRODUCTION
It has been believed that information technology in the
development of information systems are more important
than the management of development projects.
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Managing Information Systems Projects
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1. Initiating a Project
During project initiation, the project manager performs
several activities that assess the size, scope, and
complexity of the project.
After defining the scope of the project,
identify and document general alternative
solution for the current business problem or
opportunity.
You must then assess the feasibility of each
alternative solution and choose which to consider
during subsequent SDLC phases
In some instances, off-the-shelf software can be
found.
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2. Planning the Project cont…
Project time estimates for task completion and
overall system quality are significantly influenced
by the assignment of resource(e.g. people) to tasks.
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2. Planning the Project cont…
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2. Planning the Project cont…
The project justification will demonstrate that
the benefits are worth these costs.(B>C)
This analysis shows NPV, ROI and cash flow
analysis.
9. Developing a Statement of Work.
It is developed primarily for the customer.
This document outlines work that will be done and
clearly describes what the project will deliver.
The statement of Work is useful to make sure:
You, the customer, and other project team members
have a clear understanding of the intended project
outcomes. 25
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2. Planning the Project cont…
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2. Planning the Project cont…
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Executing the Project
Project execution puts the Baseline
Project Plan (BPP) into action.
project execution occurs primarily during
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Executing the Project
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Executing the Project
You include only approved changes to the project
specification, all changes must be reflected in the
BPP and project workbook.
It explains why design decisions were
made and is a primary source of information
for producing all project reports.
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Executing the Project
5. Communicating the project status.
The project manger is responsible for keeping all
team abreast of the project status.
Clear communication is required to create a
shared understanding of the activities and goals
of the project; such an understanding assures
better coordination of activities.
Procedures for communication project activities
vary from formal meeting to informal hallway
discussions.
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Executing the Project
The ease with which the project can be
Executed/managed is significantly influenced
by the quality of prior phases.
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Closing Down the project
The focus of project closedown is to bring the
project to an end.
Project can conclude with a natural or
unnatural termination.
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Closing Down the project
write letters to superiors, praising special
accomplishments of team members, and send
thank-you letters to those who helped but were not
team members.
notify all interested parties that the project has
been completed. ( managing group, customers…)
finalize all project documentation and financial
records so that a final review of the project can be
conducted.
You should also celebrate the accomplishments of
the project 41
Closing Down the project
2. Conducting post project reviews.
Final review of the project would be
conducted with management and
customers.
The objective of these reviews is:
To determine the strengths and weaknesses of
project deliverables,
To evaluate the processes used to create the
deliverables, and the project management
process.
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Closing Down the project
It is important that everyone understands
what went right and what went wrong in
order to improve the process for the next
project.
3. Closing the customer contract.
The focus of this final activity is to ensure
that all contractual terms of the project have
been met.
you must gain agreement from your
customer that all contractual obligations
have been met. 43
Closing Down the project
You must also must agreed that
further work is either their
responsibility or covered under
another SSR or contract.
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Comparison of Gantt Charts and
Network Diagrams
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Representing Project Plans
Project scheduling and management require
that time, costs; piece of equipment, or
material used in accomplishing an activity.
Network diagram (PERT) is a critical path
scheduling technique used for controlling
resources.
A critical path refers to a sequence of task
activities whose order and durations directly
affect the completion date of a project.
Network diagram is best-known scheduling
methods.
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Calculating Expected Time
Duration using PERT
o 4r p
ET
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where
ET= expected time for the completion for an activity
o=optimistic completion time for an activity
r= realistic completion time for an activity
p= pessimistic completion time for an activity
Calculate an expected time for the completion of an
upcoming programming assignment. For this
assignment, you estimate an optimistic time of 2
hours, a pessimistic time of 8 hours, and a most
likely time of (r) 6 hors. Using PERT, how much is
the expected time for completing this assignment.
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Constructing a Gantt Chart and
Network Diagram
Steps
1. Identify each activity
Requirements Collection
Screen Design
Report Design
Database Design
User documentation
Software programming
Installation and testing
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Gantt Chart and Network Diagram
for GM Furniture
2. Determine time estimates and expected
completion times for each activity.
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Gantt Chart and Network Diagram
for GM Furniture
3. Determine sequence of activities
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Gantt Chart and Network Diagram
for GM Furniture
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Gantt Chart and Network Diagram
for GM Furniture
4. Determine critical path
Sequence of events that will affect the final
project delivery date
TE=18.5 TE=22
TE=11
TL=21 TL=22
TL=11
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TE=5 2 TE=13 8
TL=5 TL=13
ET=1
ET=6 ET=5.5
Critical Path
ET=5 ET=2
3
6 7
Non Critical Path
ET=3
ET=6 ET=5
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Commercial Project Management
Software
Many systems are available
Three activities required to use:
Establish project start or end date
Enter tasks and assign task relationships
reports
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Summary
Skills of an effective project manager
Activities of project manager
Initiation
Planning
Execution
Closedown