Meniere's disease

Ftouma Turki(2201603)
 Introduction
Meniere's disease is an inner ear disease caused by an
abnormal inner ear fluid balance caused by a
malabsorption in the endolymphatic sac or a blockage in
the endolymphatic duct.
• It is also called endolymphatic hydrops.
• It occurs bilaterally in about 20% of patients.
The pathophysiology of Meniere's disease:

Obstruction of endolymphatic duct/sac

Hypersecretion or hypoabsorption of endolymph or both

Excessive accumulation of endolymph

Distension of membranous labyrinth & endolymphatic sac

Increase in pressure and rupture of inner membranes

Loss of auditory and vestibular function

Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

 Causes

• Fluid Imbalance
• Genetic Predisposition
• Autoimmune Responses
• Allergies
• Viral Infections
• Environmental Factors
Symptoms
 Diagnosis

• History collection
• Physical examination
• Audiogram: identify the type and magnitude of the hearing loss.
• CT or MRI
• Electronystagmogram : to evaluate the oculomotor and vestibular
systems to differentiate the cause of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss of
unknown origin.
 Treatments
• Antihistamine: to suppress the vestibular system
• Tranquilizers: to control vertigo
• Antiemetic: To control the nausea and vomiting and the vertigo
• Diuretic: relieve symptoms by lowering the pressure in the endolymphatic
system.
• Vasodilators
• Hearing aids
• Endolymphatic sac decompression: A surgical procedure to reduce the
fluid pressure in the inner ear.
• Low-sodium: Sodium and fluid retention disrupts the delicate balance
between endolymph and perilymph in the inner ear.