UNIT—3 PROCESS MANAGEMENT 10M

Points to be covered
INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS
 PROCESS STATES

🞆The process, from its creation to completion, passes through

various states.

🞆The minimum number of states is five.

🞆The names of the states are not standardized although the process
may be in one of the following states during execution.
🞆New (Create) –

🞆In this step, the process is about to be created but not yet
created, it is the program which is present in secondary memory
that will be picked up by OS to create the process.
READY – NEW ->

🞆Ready to run.

🞆 After the creation of a process, the process enters the

ready state i.e. the process is loaded into the main
memory.

🞆The process here is ready to run and is waiting to get the

CPU time for its execution.

🞆Processes that are ready for execution by the CPU are

maintained in a queue for ready processes.
🞆Run –

🞆The process is chosen by CPU for execution and the

instructions within the process are executed by any one of
the available CPU cores.
BLOCKED OR WAIT –
🞆Whenever the process requests access to I/O or needs
input from the user or needs access to a critical region
🞆(the lock for which is already acquired) it enters the
blocked or wait state.

🞆 The process continues to wait in the main memory and

does not require CPU.

🞆 Once the I/O operation is completed the process goes to

the ready state.
COMPLETION OR TERMINATION

🞆When a process finishes its execution, it comes in the

termination state.

🞆All the context of the process (Process Control Block)

will also be deleted the process will be terminated by the
Operating system.
SUSPEND READY
🞆– Process that was initially in the ready state but was
swapped out of main memory

🞆(refer Virtual Memory topic) and placed onto external

storage by scheduler is said to be in suspend ready state.

🞆The process will transition back to ready state whenever

the process is again brought onto the main memory.
🞆– Similar to suspend ready but uses the process which
was performing I/O operation and lack of main memory
caused them to move to secondary memory. When work
is finished it may go to suspend ready.