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A process is more than just a set of instructions. It contains information such as the process
stack, the program counter, and the contents of the process register, among other things. When a
process runs, it modifies the state of the system. The current activity of a given process
determines the state of the process in general.
New State
Ready State
Run State
Terminate State
Block or Wait State
Suspend Ready State
Suspend Wait State
Important Notes
Ready State
After being loaded into the main memory and ready for execution, a process transitions from a
new to a ready state. The process will now be in the ready state, waiting for the processor to
execute it. Many processes may be in the ready stage in a multiprogramming environment.
Run State
After being allotted the CPU for execution, a process passes from the ready state to the run state.
Terminate State
When a process’s execution is finished, it goes from the run state to the terminate state. The
operating system deletes the process control box (or PCB) after it enters the terminate state.
Important Notes
Note – 01:
A process must pass through at least four states.
Note – 02:
Only one process can run at a time on a single CPU.
Note – 03:
Present in Memory State
Note – 04:
It is much more preferable to move a given process from its wait state to its suspend wait
state.
Consider the situation where a high-priority process comes, and the main memory is full.
Then there are two options for making space for it. They are:
1. Suspending the processes that have lesser priority than the ready state.
2. Transferring the lower-priority processes from wait to the suspend wait state.
Moving a process from a wait state to a suspend wait state is the superior option.
It is because this process is waiting already for a resource that is currently unavailable.