SIRIFORT INSTITUTE OF

MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MICROPROCESSOR & INTRODUCTION

TO 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

SUBMITTED TO: PREPARED BY:

MR. ARUNESH SIR ABHIJEET RANJAN &
NISHANT KUMAR
BCA II YEAR (2nd SHIFT)
 INDEX
1. MICROPROCESSORS
2. IMPORTANCE
3. ADVANTAGES
4. APPLICATIONS
5. FUNCTIONS
6. EVOLUTION
7. CATEGORIZATION
8. WORKING
9. 8085 MICROPROCESSOR
10. SYSTEM BUSES
11. 8085 ARCHITECTURE
12. 8085 PIN DIAGRAM
 MICROPROCESSOR

MICROPROCESSOR = MICRO + PROCESSOR

A microprocessor, sometimes called a logic chip, is

a computer processor on a microchip.

An integrated circuit that contains all the functions

of a central processing unit of a computer.
 IMORTANCE
A device that uses a microprocessor is normally capable of many
functions, such as :-
 word processing,
 calculation,
 communication via Internet or telephone.
However, for the device to work properly, the microprocessor itself has
to communicate with other parts of the device.

Therefore, a microprocessor would act as device's "brain" in that it

transmits, receives and interprets the data needed to operate a device.
 ADVANTAGES
1. Easy to implement
2. Easy to modify
3. Cost effective
4. Storage and retrieval of information/data

APPLICATIONS
1. Used in computers, PC’s, etc.
2. Used in home appliances.
3. Used in automotive electronics
4. Used in Toys, etc.
 FUNCTIONS
Among various functions of microprocessor some are as follows :-

1. Controlling all other parts of the machine and sending timing signals.
2. Transferring data between memory and I/O devices
3. Fetching data and instructions from memory
4. Decoding instruction
5. Performing arithmetical and logical operations
6. Executing programs stored in memory
7. Performing communication among the I/O devices etc.
 EVOLUTION
INTEL 4004 (2300)
INTEL 8008 (3500) 1st GENERATION MICRO PROCESSOR (1971-73)
INTEL 8080 (4000)
ZILOG Z80 (6000)
M 6800 (8500) , M 6809 2nd GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR (1974-78)
INTEL 8085
INTEL 8086(29000), 80186, 80286 3rd GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR (1979-80)
M 68000 (68000)
INTEL 80326 (2,75,000)
INTEL 80486 (12 lac) 4th GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR (1981-95)
HP 32
INTEL PENTIUM (31 lac)
INTEL PENTIUM II (75 lac) 5th GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR (1996- till date)
INTEL PEMTIUM III (95 lac)
 CATEGORIZATION
CATEGORIZATION

SIZE APPLICATION SPEED AND BANDWIDTH

4 Bit Special Purpose M.P RISC

8 Bit General Purpose M.P CISC

16 Bit Micro Controller

32 Bit

64 Bit
HOW DOES A MICROPROCESSOR WORK?
• The microprocessor follows a sequence:
 Fetch
 Decode
 Execute.
• Initially, the instructions are stored in the memory in a sequential order.
• The microprocessor fetches those instructions from the memory.
• Then decodes it and executes those instructions till STOP instruction is
reached. Later, it sends the result in binary to the output port.
• Between these processes, the register stores the temporarily data and
ALU performs the computing functions.
 8085 MICROPROCESSOR
Intel 8085 is the first popular microprocessor used by many vendors. Due to its
simple architecture and organization.
REGISTORS IN 8085 MICROPROCESSOR:
 One 8-bit accumulator A.
 Six 8-bit general purpose register (GPR’s)
 B, C, D , E , H and L.

 The GPR’s are also accessible as three 16-bit register pairs BC, DE and HL.
 There is a 16-bit program counter(PC), one 16-bit stack pointer(SP) and 8-bit flag register . Out of 8
bits of the flag register , only 5 bits are in use.
 Special purpose registers like : SP register, PC register, IR, MAR, MDR, etc.
8085 ARCHITECTURE
 SYSTEM BUSES
The system bus combines the functions of the three main buses, which are as
follows:

 The control bus carries the control, timing and coordination signals to manage
the various functions across the system.

 The address bus is used to specify memory locations for the data being
transferred.

 The data bus, which is a bidirectional path, carries the actual data between the
processor, the memory and the peripherals.
BRIEF DISCRIPTION:
• ALU OF 8085 :
The 8-bit parallel ALU of 8085 is capable of performing the following
operations –
 Arithmetic : Addition, Subtraction, Increment, Decrement, Compare.
 Logical : AND, OR, EXOR, NOT, SHIFT / ROTATE, CLEAR.
 Because of limited chip area , complex operations like multiplication,
division, etc., are not available, in earlier processors like 8085.
• The 8085 microprocessor follows hexadecimal system to store data
in registers, and manipulate them.
• The 8085 microprocessor works on accumulator CPU organization.
8085 PIN DIAGRAM
• The pins of a 8085 microprocessor can be classified into seven groups −
 Address bus
A15-A8, it carries the most significant 8-bits of memory/IO address.
 Data bus
AD7-AD0, it carries the least significant 8-bit address and data bus.
 Serial I/O signals
There are 2 serial signals, i.e. SID and SOD and these signals are used
for serial communication.
SOD (Serial output data line) − The output SOD is set/reset as specified
by the SIM instruction.
SID (Serial input data line) − The data on this line is loaded into
accumulator whenever a RIM instruction is executed.
 Power supply
There are 2 power supply signals − VCC & VSS.
VCC indicates +5v power supply and VSS indicates ground signal.
 Control and status signals
• RD − This signal indicates that the selected IO or memory device is to be read and is ready
for accepting data available on the data bus.
• WR − This signal indicates that the data on the data bus is to be written into a selected
memory or IO location.
• ALE − It is a positive going pulse generated when a new operation is started by the
microprocessor.
 Three status signals are IO/M, S0 & S1
• IO/M
This signal is used to differentiate between IO and Memory operations, i.e. when it is high
indicates IO operation and when it is low then it indicates memory operation.
• S1 & S0
These signals are used to identify the type of current operation.
Interrupts & externally initiated signals
Interrupts : are the signals generated by external devices to request the
microprocessor to perform a task. There are 5 interrupt signals, i.e. TRAP, RST 7.5, RST
6.5, RST 5.5, and INTR.
 INTA − It is an interrupt acknowledgment signal.
 RESET IN − This signal is used to reset the microprocessor by setting the program
counter to zero.
 RESET OUT − This signal is used to reset all the connected devices when the
microprocessor is reset.
 READY − This signal indicates that the device is ready to send or receive data. If
READY is low, then the CPU has to wait for READY to go high.
 HOLD − This signal indicates that another master is requesting the use of the address
and data buses.
 HLDA (HOLD Acknowledge) − It indicates that the CPU has received the HOLD
request and it will relinquish the bus in the next clock cycle.
• Clock signals
There are 3 clock signals, i.e. X1, X2, CLK OUT.
 X1, X2 − A crystal (RC, LC N/W) is connected at these two pins and is used to set
frequency of the internal clock generator. This frequency is internally divided by 2.

 CLK OUT − This signal is used as the system clock for devices connected with the
microprocessor.