‫سٹدی سرکل‬

‫اصول الحدیث‬
 ‫ع‬
‫ ب ڑے لم‬٣ ‫اصول کے‬

• Usool At-Tafseer
• Usool Al-Hadith
• Usool Al-Fiqh
USOOL AT-TAFSEER / ULOOM AL
QURAN
• Tafseer Sciences • Ghareeb al-Quran
• Tajweed • Science of rulings from Quran
• Arabic Script • Organization of Quran relation
• Aijaz ul Quran between its chapters
• Asbab un Nuzool • Balaghah of Quran

• Nasikh Wa Mansookh • Themes within Quran

• Arabic Grammar
FROM WHERE DID THE USOOL
SCIENCE CAME
• The companions could ask the Prophet PBUH
• The companions then started teaching and formed their schools of teaching
• Their students spread to vast areas;
• As the message starting going far and wide, there was need to formulate Usool for
understanding the message
• There were people who started mis-representing the Quran for their own purposes (e.g.
Khwarij)
• Muslims had great reverence and love for the Prophet PBUH – some people started to use this
for their purposes and started formulating the ahadith
FROM WHERE DID THE USOOL
SCIENCE CAME (CONT)
• The Greek philosophy also came in and started to pollute the deen
• The scholars then took decided to settle this matter - the early scholars then formulated the
methodologies called ‘Usool’
• These Usool were based on the guidance from Quran and Sunnah
• With this, the message of Islam was protected. Allah swt not only preserved the words of
Quran, but also the meaning of what He revealed.
OUR PLAN – INSHA ALLAH

• Tonight:
– Usool At-tafseer
– Usool Al-Hadith

• Next Shab Bedari:

– Usool Al-Fiqh
– Qawaid Al-Fiqh
WHY DO WE NEED USOOL AT-TAFSEER
NOW A DAYS
• We have got people in recent century (M. Abdou, Rashid Ridaa, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,
Pervaiz etc.) who prefer their intellect over the clear Quranic message. They want to prove
everything through science and what science is unable to prove, they deny that or make funny
interpretations about it
• Qadyanis are trying to deceive Muslims through their ideologies
• New inventions and problems are coming to light; accordingly, we need to understand how to
derive rulings from Quran and sunnah
HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE QURAN

:‫قال ابن كثير‬

‫ ثم األحاديث‬،‫ وهو أولى ما يفسر به‬.‫"والقرآن يفسر بعضه بعضا‬
‫ ثم اآلثار‬،‫الصحيحة‬.

For non-Arabs, understanding of classical Arabic language is an important skill in the

science of tafseer too.
TAFSEER OF QURAN BY QURAN
TAFSEER OF QURAN BY HADITH
TAFSEER OF QURAN FROM HADITH

• Allah swt says:

• Does Quran describe how to offer prayer? How Allah swt has explained this to us through ahadith.

So in order to understand the Quran, we have to refer to what Quran explains about it and how hadith
explains it – all the relevant nusoos together
TAFSEER OF QURAN BY ATHAR
TAFSEER OF QURAN BY ARABIC
LANGUGE
• Necessitated because of the entry of foreign words in Arabic and change of meaning of original
words over time
• The classical language is preserved as well
• Classical Arabic literature
• Lisan ul Arab – meanings of words with references
• Ali R.A. the founder of Arabic grammar
PUTTING THE FOURTH STEP ABOVE
OTHERS CAN BE CRITICAL
• Abdullah Yusuf Ali, for example, mentioned about ‘Burooj’ as Zodiac signs

• Whereas, in classical Arabic, it refers to configuration of stars.

• As a result of this mistake, some English speaking Muslims thought that Astrology is
permissible in Islam
TAFSEER OF QURAN BY ISRAEELIYAT
TAFSEER OF QURAN BY RA’Y

• Based on own philosophy and intellect (Mutazali’s during the Abbasids era)
• “logic” is used as a criterion
• ‘Ashab ul Hadith’ and ‘Ashab ul Ra’y’
WARNING ABOUT OPINION-BASED
TAFSEER
WHY HAVE WE DISCUSSED THAT

• So that you can select the correct tafaseer and pick the things that are based on own thoughts
rather than the nusoos
• Try to learn classical Arabic language
• Save yourself from deviant ideologies that can ruin our faith
USOOL AL-HADITH
COMPILATION

• Did the companions record the ahadith?

• Abdullah Ibn Amr consulted the Prophet PBUH regarding writing of hadith
• Abu Shah of Yemen wanted the farewell sermon to be written
• We were with ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas about contantinople (trunk was brought)
• Abu Hurairah R.A. had trunks of hadith records too
• Ibn Abbas R.A. used to record ahadith himself and also employed the slaves in his possession to do the same

• Ibn al-Jawzee compiled a list of all the companions who related traditions, gives the names of about 1,060 together with
the number of hadeeths related by each.
• The age of Saheefah’s
IJAZAH

• Ijazah of various forms

– Samaa (reading by teacher)
– Ard (reading by students to teacher)
– Ijazah (permission to tansmit after teacher hears from the student)
– Munaawalah : Granting Books
– Kitaabah : Correspondence
– I‘laam : Announcement (certificate of authority to transmit)
– Wasiyyah : Bequest of Books Wajaadah : Discovery of Books
• Records of attendance and place of sessions were recorded
RECORDING OF BIOGRAPHIES OF
NARRATORS
• Started by Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz R.A. (reign 99 to 101 AH)
FORMAL BOOKS BASED ON FIQHI
ASPECTS
• 2nd century – Mussanafs that recorded ahadith according to topics (e.g. Muwatta Imam Malik)
• Then Musnad (according to person from whom narrations were coming)
• A number of other books were written in this period too (e.g. by Imam Auzaai and others)
• 3rd century – era of Saheeh’s
• Do Sihah Sitta have all the sound ahadith?
• Are all the sound ahadith captured in Sihah Sitta?
TWO PARTS OF HADITH

• Sanad
• Matn

• Both a critically analysed to verify authenticity of hadith

• Abdullaah ibn al-Mubaarak (d. 181AH), one of the illustrious teachers of Imaam alBukhaaree,
said: “The isnaad is from the religion. Were it not for the isnaad anyone could say anything he
wished.” By the end of the first century the science of isnaad was fully developed.
3 COMMON GRADES OF HADITH

•Saheeh
•Hassan
•Daif
CAN DAIF AHADITH BE USED IN
RELIGION?
• In the matters of Aqeedah?
• In the matters of Fiqh?
• In the matters of virtue (Fadhail)?
CONDITIONS OF AUTHENTICITY

• Ittisaal as-Sanad
• ‘Adaalah (integrity)
• Dabt (strongness)
– Dabr as-Sadr (memory)
– Dabt al-Kitabah
• Ghayr Shaadh (conformity with Saheeh / stronger traditions)
• Laa Illah
QUESTIONS

• I found a hadith which is mentioned as weak in a book but scholars use that often

• I found a hadith mentioned as Hasan in a book but the scholars reject that

• Works of Imam Nasir ud Din Albani

• Is the criteria for Saheeh Ahadith the same for all the books of Saheeh Ahadith?

• What is ‘Mutawatir’ type of hadith?

• What is one of the most Mutwatir hadith?

AHAD AHADITH

• Can they be used?

EXAMPLES OF SOME ISSUES WITH
CONNECTIVITY OF CHAIN
• Muallaq narrations – Just the top of the chain and nothing else
• Mursal – Skipping a companion
• Are they accepted:
– Many of the early Imams: No
– Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Ahmed and some others: Yes
– Imam Shafi’i and some others: Conditional
• Munqati
• Mu’dal (double break)
• Mudallas
• How are the Mudallis narrators treated
• Mawdoo narration – a known lier
• Matrook (from taraka – left due to potential issues)
• Munkar (left due to issues with dabt)
APPARENT CONFLICTS

• Jam’a
– Aam and Khas
– Example of Sunnah of Fajr prayer
– Example of moving the finger in tashahud

• Tarjeeh
• Naskh
JARH WA TADEEL

• Critism from various angles

WHY THE SCIENCE OF HADITH IS
IMPORTANT
WOMEN
SCHOLARS OF
HADITH
FURTHER READING