THE HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF THE HOLY

QURAN

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 • Background:
Allah has created mankind and has promised to guide them through. This guidance was sent in different
times in form of different scriptures until the revelation of Quran.
Quran is the perfect scripture which is not bounded by time. It remains a source of guidance for all times
and races.

THE FIRST REVELATION OF QURAN ON HOLY PROPHET

(PBUH)

• First revelation took place on the night of Laila Tul Qadr in Ramadan. At that time Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) 40 years.
• Initially, Holy prophet (PBUH) received good dreams which came true.
• Holy prophet started to find peace in seclusion and started to spend time in Cave of Hira on Jabal
Al-Noor where he used to meditate for days.

Seclusion:
A state of being
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private.
 Q/A

Q: Write an account about Prophets first experience of revelation? (4)

Q: Write a note regarding the moral support of Khadijah. (R.A)
Q: Share the modes of revelation brought to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) by angel
Jibraeel (A.S).

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 COMPILATION OF THE HOLY QURAN

• WHEN HOLY PROPHET (PBUH) PASSED AWAY MANY PEOPLE DECLARED FALSE
PROPHETHOOD.
• HAZRAT ABU BAKAR (R.A) BECAME THE FIRST CALIPH AND DECLARED WAR
AGAINST FALSE PROPHETS.
• DURING A WAR OF YAMAMAH MANY HUFFAZ GOT MARTYRED.
• HAZRAT UMAR (R.A) OBSERVED THE SITUATION AND ASKED HAZRAT ABU BAKR
(R.A) FOR THE COMPILATION OF THE QURAN.
• HAZRAT ABU BAKR REFUSED AT FIRST BUT THEN AGREED.
• A TEAM OF 25 COMPANIONS WAS FORMED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF ZAID BIN
THABIT (R.A).
• THE FIRST COMPILED COPY OF THE QURAN WAS NAMED MUSHAF.
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 VERIFICATION OF THE VERSES:

• HAZRAT ABU BAKR (R.A) KEPT ALL THE WRITTEN TEXT SAFE WITH
HIMSELF.
• HAZRAT UMAR (R.A) AND HAZRAT ABU BAKAR (R.A) WERE
HUFFUZ THEMSELVES AND FIRSTLY VERIFIED THE VERSES BY
THEMSELVES.
• THEY COULD HAVE WRITTEN THE WHOLE QURAN BY
THEMSELVES BUT STILL VERIFED EACH AND EVERY VERSE TO
AVOID MISTAKES.
• WHEN A COMPANION CAME UP WITH A VERSE HE RECALLED,
HAZRAT UMAR (R.A) REQUIRED ATLEAST 2 WITNESSES FOR ITS
VERIFICATION.
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 STANDARDISATION AT THE TIME OF
USMAN (R.A)

ISLAM WAS SPREADING ALL OVER THE WORLD RAPIDLY AND THE SOLDIERS AND
COMPANIONS TAUGHT THE NEW BELIEVERS THE RECITATION OF THE QURAN.
THIS CAUSED VARIATIONS IN QURAN RECITATION.
COMPANIONS TOOK NOTICE OF THIS SITUATION AND HUZAIFA BIN YAMAN (R.A) TOOK
THE MATTER TO HAZRAT USMAN (R.A) AND TOLD HIM THAT HE HAS PARTICIPATED IN A
JIHAD MISSION IN CENTRAL ASIA.
THE PEOPLE IN SYRIA RECITED ACCORDING TO THE WAY OF UBBAY BIN KAAB (R.A)
PEOPLE IN IRAQ RECITED SCCORDING TO THE WAY OF ABDULLAH BIN MASOOD (R.A)
BOTH THE GROUPS CRITICISED THE WAY OF RECITATION OF EACH OTHER.
HAZRAT HUZAIFA BIN YAMAN ASKED THE CALIPH TO SAVE MUSLIMS FROM DIFFERING
ABOUT THE BOOK LIKE JEWS AND CHRISTIANS DID.

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• Hazrat usman (R.A) asked the wife of the Prophet (PBUH) Hafsa (R.A) to send the original copy of
Mushaf so that correct copies can be made.
• He assigned Zaid Bin Thabit (R.A), Abdullah Bin Zubair (R.A), Saeed Bin Al-Aas (R.A) and
Abdur Rehman Bin Harith Bin Hisham (R.A) to re-write the manuscript and make copies.
• 7 copies were made and were sent to different regions of the empire.
• On this achievement Hazrat Usman was given the title of (Jami Ul Quran)
IMPORTANCE OF SUHUF E HAFSA:
It united the muslims for the recitation of the Quran in one single Dialect.

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 TA F S E E R O F T H E H O LY Q U R A N

• Tafseer is derived from the Arabic word “ Fassara” which means to explain. In Islamic terminology it means the explanation and
clarification of the verses Holy Quran. We have 4 sources for the tafseer of Quran:
 Interpretation of the Quran by the Quran: Tafseer ul Quran bil Quran
Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in span of 23 years. And Allah Himself explained some of the complex verses to the
Prophet (PBUH)
example: In Surah Al Ma’idah, the 1st verse talks about eating meat of certain animals. The 3rd verses further explains the 1st verse by
applying boundary and characterizing.
 Interpretation of Quran by the Hadith and Sunnah: Tafseer ul Quran bil Hadith
The Sunnah and Hadith of the Holy prophet (PBUH) also is a source for the explanation of the verses of Quran.
Example: As Quran teaches us to offer our prayers 5 times a day does not provide the method of offering prayers. Holy prophet
(PBUH) taught us how to offer our prayers.
 Interpretation of Quran by the Companions:
• The companions of the prophet (PBUH) taught and interpreted the Quran by Ijma.
• They also used Asbab an Nazool (circumstances of revelations).
• Example: Surah Al Kausar was revealed when Holy prophet (PBUH) was being taunted on his sons death. So it is explained in the
light of these verses.
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 Interpretation of the Quran bu Muslim scholars:
 QUALITIES OF A MUFASSIR

• A Mufassir is someone who explains the teachings of the Holy Quran.

• He must believe that Quran is the word of Allah.
• He must have a thorough and correct understanding of fundamentals of the Quran.
• He should call people to the guided way and himself should also have a good practice of Islam in his daily life.
• He must not practice innovation in religion.
• He must have a pious heart and should practice repentance.

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 THE TYPES OF VERSES
• Nasikh means to “replace” - Mansukh means to “Cancel”
• Muhkam (those ayats which are easy to understand) and Mutashabih (which are not easy to understand or interpret)
• makki surahs which were revealed in Makkah and Madni Surah which were revealed in Madina.

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 Q/A

1. (A) What are the 4 ways used for tafseer of the Holy Quran? (4)
(B) What are the Qualities of a Mufassir and how are the recent
mufassireen causing conflicts in the society? (10)

2. Differentiate between the following:

(a) Nasikh verses and Mansukh verses.
(b) Muhkam verses and Mutashabih Verses.
(c) Makki verses and Madni verses.
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 MAJOR THEMES OF THE HOLY QURAN

• Major themes and subjects of the Holy Quran can be divided into 4 sections:
1. Beliefs
2. Commandments
3. Events
4. Examples, Proverbs and Parables

BELIEFS
• Quran presents 3 major beliefs:
1. Oneness of Allah (Tauheed)
2. Prophethood.
3. Hereafter.

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 ONENESS OF
PROPHETHOOD HEREAFTER
ALLAH
• Everything is created by • Belief in all the prophets from • One should belief in life
Allah. Hazrat Adam (A.S) to Hazrat and death.
Muhammad (S.A.W)
• Only He is worthy of • One should belief in
worship. • They were sent by Allah. paradise and hell.
• Have firm belief on Him. • Their guidance was truth.
• There is no other god than • Holy Prophet (PBUH) is the
Allah. last prophet.

COMMANDMENTS
• Laws and Commandments of the Holy Quran can be categorized into three categories:
1. Rights of Allah (Salah, Zakat, Ramadan and Hajj)
2. Rights of people (justice, trust, respect, bequest and inheritance)
3. Acts which pertain to both worship and rights of people (marriage, divorce, jihad and criminal laws) 11/09/2023 13
 EVENTS

• The events mentioned in the Quran can be categorized into 2 parts:

• Events of the past
• Events of the future.

EVENTS OF THE PAST EVENTS OF THE FUTURE

• Incidents taken place in the past.

• Incidents of the lives of the prophets before Holy
prophet (PBUH)
• It talks about the sins of Qiyamah.
• Events of day of judgment.
• Torment of hell and pleasures of paradise.
• It also talks about the things which were later discovered.

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 EXAMPLES, PROVERBS AND PARABLES

• Examples: where Quran has linked to scenario’s to illustrate the importance of

the other.
• Proverbs: these are the quotations or great sayings used in Quran to emphasis
the importance of something.
• Parables: these are the stories mentioned in Quran which have a moral
lessons.

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 SCIENTIFIC FACTS IN QURAN
• At the time of revelation of the Quran science was limited. People used to have myths regarding
the earth, skies, human body, sun and the universe.
• Quran at that time nullified those believes and gave the right answers to these questions.
• Following are some examples:
1. Origin of life: Quran claimed that every living thing is made up of water. This fact was only
discovered after the invention of microscope.
2. Sky’s Protection: Quran claimed that our earth is protected by the skies. This fact was discovered
in 20th century during a scientific research.
3. Mountains: Quran claimed that Allah has made earth a resting place and has placed mountains as
nails to hold it. This fact was discovered during the discovery of tectonic plates in 20 th century.
4. Expansion of the universe: Quran states that Allah has created the universe and He keeps on
expanding it. This fact was discovered after the invention of telescope.
5. Suns Orbit: Quran has stated that Allah has created the sun and the moon and they both 16are
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moving in there orbits. This fact was discovered in the 20 th century.

 UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
QURAN
• The Quran has a number of unique characteristics:
1. It is the actual word of Allah revealed to benefit mankind. It is complete and comprehensive.
2. It is theoretical and practical, it not only teaches moral values but also defines what is permitted and what is not permitted.
3. Quran has perfected the Islamic religion.
4. It is a Miracle of Allah.
5. It contains all codes of life for every given time.
6. Allah Himself has taken the duty of protecting Quran from any threat and not a single letter has been changed from the Holy
book.

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 Q/A

Q1: What are the major themes of the Holy Quran? Give a short description for
each.
Q2: Discuss the Unique characteristics of the Holy Quran.

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 SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW

• Shahriah is the term used for Islamic law.

• The literal meaning of Shariah is rules and regulations.
• There are 2 sources of Islamic law:
Primary Source Secondary Source
Quran Ijma
Sunnah Qiyas

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 QURAN AS A SOURCE OF LAW
• Quran is the most authentic source of law as it contains many instructions regarding many issues of life.
• No other source can over rule the teachings of Quran as it is the supreme book and the word of Allah.

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 HADITH AS A SOURCE OF LAW

• The Sunnah of our Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is

also a primary source of Islamic law. The Sunnah or life of our holy
prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is an explanation of the holy
Quran. Once someone asked Ummul Momineen Hazrat Ayesha, what
was the behavior of our holy prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him).
She replied, haven't you read the holy Quran? The holy Quran is an
explanation of his behavior. As ALLAH orders us to perform pray and to
give zakat but the explanation could be found in the life of our holy
prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) that how to perform prayers
and how much zakat should be given? Once our holy prophet
Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said that offer prayer as you see me
offering prayer.

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 IJMA

• Ijma is a secondary source of Islamic law. It refers to the decision related to any issue which
was not existing in the time of our holy prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). If
anything has been discussed in the Holy Quran or any hadith is available regarding any
issue, the Ijma will not be valid for that issue. Ijma can be done with the consensus of
Muslim scholars. Trying to take consensus in the issue which is already discussed in the
holy Quran or hadith will lead to Shirk (association in the oneness of ALLAH Almighty). In
the same way, Ijma is not allowed to do the same issue where Ijma is already done. A great
example of the Ijma is the opinion of the religious scholars on test-tube babies.
• Types of Ijma:
1. Ijma of the companions.
2. Ijma of the jurist
3. Ijma of the muslim community.
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 QIYAS

• Qiyas is the last source of Islamic law and it is also a secondary source. It is done where all
the above sources are silent. In Qiyas, the scholars try to find out all the relative information
from the holy Quran and hadith. The records of Ijma are also checked because in case if Ijma
has done, Qiyas will not be valid for the same issue. Then all the merits and demerits are
checked in the light of Islamic laws. Scholars match the unknown with the known and find
out the similarities to come to any decision. A common man can’t go for Qiyas as only great
scholars who have in-depth knowledge of Shariah are eligible for Qiyas.
• Conditions of Qiyas:
1. Qiyas is practiced when there is no source found in Quran or Sunnah.
2. The scholar must be a expert.
3. The cause for Ijma must be valid and authentic.

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 Q/A

• What are the the sources of Islamic law?

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