SMALL

DISCUSSION SKILLS
 GROUP DISCUSSION

it is the process of
inculpating views of team
members to reach a common
goal *It’s a systematic and
purposeful interactive oral
process. Here the exchange
of idea, thought and feeling
take place through oral
communication
GROUP
DISCUSSION
Types of Small Groups
Learners around the globe use many types of
small groups. Some are described in other
chapters in this book, including those outside
the typical classroom such as simulation and
bedside teaching. Even a lecture for a large
group can be turned into a small-group
discussion by having paired discussions
(learners turning to each other to briefly discuss GROUP
one topic). Other types of small groups are
DISCUSSION
described in the following sections.
Case-Based Learning
Individual cases can be used to practice the concept of
small-group discussion. The description of a case or cases,
with associated questions, can be distributed in advance of
the discussion. All the learners develop their own answers
before meeting, allowing time for those having less
background knowledge of the topic to preview the subject
matter. Then the case is discussed in the small group. This
is particularly appropriate for students and junior house
officers.
GROUP
DISCUSSION
Role-Playing
Role-playing is useful in evaluating a trainee’s ability to
communicate effectively in difficult cases. Typically, a case
is presented to a group of learners and one member of the
group acts as the patient. This is most effective when the
story has been developed in advance and the person acting
as the patient understands his or her role before starting.
Frequently practiced scenarios are giving bad news, dealing
with an angry parent, or calming an agitated psychiatric
patient. The role-playing and subsequent small-group
discussion give trainees opportunities to work through GROUP
critical and stressful situations in their minds before being
overwhelmed in the emergency department. This can be a DISCUSSION
powerful tool for determining competency in areas that
have less objective evaluation techniques (e.g.,
Case-Based Learning
Individual cases can be used to practice the concept of
small-group discussion. The description of a case or cases,
with associated questions, can be distributed in advance of
the discussion. All the learners develop their own answers
before meeting, allowing time for those having less
background knowledge of the topic to preview the subject
matter. Then the case is discussed in the small group. This
is particularly appropriate for students and junior house
officers.
GROUP
DISCUSSION
Problem-Based Learning
Problem-based learning is used
frequently in the US medical school
education. It is different from simple
small-group discussions in that
participants are encouraged to use self-
directed learning skills GROUP
DISCUSSION
Problem-Based Learning
Problem-based learning is used
frequently in the US medical school
education. It is different from simple
small-group discussions in that
participants are encouraged to use self-
directed learning skills GROUP
DISCUSSION
TECHNIQUES
 LECTURE
It is a method of verbal presentation of a topic by a speaker to a
group of audience.
*The range of subjects that can be covered by this method is
unlimited.

*The lecture is an excellent method for presenting information to

a large number of persons in a short period of time.

*It is a one-way communication.

*The chief limitation of this method is passive role of the

audience.

* To compensate some what for this weakness, a discussion or

a question-and-answer period may be held following the speech.
This is generally called a forum.
LECTURE
LECTURE
LECTURE
EXTENSION TALK
CHARACTERISTIC
DEBATE
SYMPOSIUM
PANEL
THREE TYPES OF PANEL
FORUM
BUZZ SESSIONS
BRAIN STORMING
SEMINAR
WORKSHOP
CONFERENCE