PIPEWORK MATERIALS

Here are some common materials used for water

supply pipes.
• Galvanized Steel
• Copper
• Stainless steel
• Polythene
• Pvc (Polyvinyl Chloride)
• Cpvc (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride )
 PIPE JOINTS

Pipe joints in water supply are major components

of plumbing system provided to connect multiple pipes.
There are several types of pipe joints, but their selection
depends on pipe sizes, material and flow pressure etc..
Pipe joint provided should withstand pressure of each
pipe.
TYPES OF COMMON PIPE JOINTS IN PLUMBING

Different types of pipe joints used in plumbing

system are as follows:
• Threaded joint
• Brazed joint
• Soldered joint
• Welded joint (butt welded, socket welded)
• Flanged joint
• Compression joint
• Solvent welded joints
• Push fit joints
STOCK AND DIE

MANUAL OPERATED

POWER OPERATED
 THREADED JOINT
Threaded joint means, pipes are connected by screwing with
the help of threads provided for each pipe. One pipe having
internal threads and the other one having threads
externally. Cast iron pipes, copper pipes, PVC and galvanized
steel pipes are available with threads.

Threaded joints are available from 6mm diameter to 300mm

diameter pipes. Installation of threaded joint is easy but
good maintenance required.
 WELDED JOINT IN PIPE
When the pipes are of same diameter butt welding is to done
to join the pipes. It is the most common type of welding.
Skilled workers are required to install the joint. These joints
are generally used for large commercials and industrial piping
systems.
Butt weld provides good strength for the joint and it can resist
high pressure because of smooth and continuous surface
inside the joint.
GAS WELDING
 TYPES OF WELDING:
Basically welding may be classified into three types.

1.Plastic welding:
In plastic welding or pressure welding process, the pieces of
metal to be joined are heated to a plastic state and then forced
together by external pressure. These welding are also known as
liquid-solid welding process. This procedure is used in forge
welding and resistance welding.

2. Fusion welding:
In the fusion welding or no pressure welding process, the
material at the joint is heated to a molten state and allowed to
solidify. These welding are also known as liquid state welding
process. This includes gas welding, arc welding, thermite
welding etc.
3. Cold welding:
In this welding process, the joints are produced without
application of heat, but by applying pressure which results
diffusion or inter-surface molecular fusion of the parts to be
joined. It is also known as solid state welding process. This
process is mainly used for welding nonferrous sheet metal,
particularly aluminum and its alloys. This includes ultrasonic
welding, friction welding, Explosive welding etc.
 FLANGED JOINT IN PIPE
Flanged joints are used for high pressure flows and for large diameter pipes.
In general they are used for plain end pipes or threaded pipes. Two flange
components are connected by bolts at the pipe joint to prevent leakage.

Generally these are made of cast iron, steel etc. these are having good
strength and do not fail against high pressure. Against high temperatures
the bolts may fail under creep lost their grip so, fixing of bolts should be
done properly while installing. They are also useful for repairing pipelines
and maintenance purposes.
BRAZED JOINT IN PIPE
Brazing is the process of jointing pipes using molten filler
material at above 840oC. Brazing is generally used for
joining copper pipes or copper alloy pipes. The filler metal
should have a lower melting point than the adjoining metal.

Brazing is applied via torch, furnace, induction,

dipped, or resistance as heat sources occurring at a
temperature above 840°F (450°C)
 SOLDERING
Soldering is also similar to brazing but the only difference is
in case of soldering the filler metal melts at below 840oC.
Soldering also used to joint copper and copper alloy pipes.
Before proceeding to soldering flux called paste is applied to
pipes and fittings to prevent them from oxidation from
flame. Soldered joints are suitable for low temperature
areas. These are having low mechanical strength as brazed
joints.
 COMPRESSION JOINT IN PIPE
When the pipes have plain ends they are joined by installing some
fittings at their ends then that type of joint is called compression joint.
The pipe ends will be fitted with a threaded fittings or couplings hence
they are connected.

So, in this case we can connect pipes of different materials and different
sizes. But the joints should be properly fitted to resist flow pressure
otherwise they may fail and leakage occurs. Compression fittings are
available in different materials and selection of fittings may depend
upon our requirement.
 CPVC PIPES
CPVC (chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) is a strong and rigid
thermoplastic material that is used for hot and cold potable
water applications in residential construction. Because of its
makeup, CPVC is immune to damage from highly chlorinated
domestic water and has a higher temperature tolerance than
PVC.
The excellent properties of CPVC pipes make them
ideal for:
• Residential, industrial, and commercial applications
• Supplying drinking water
• Cold and hot water distribution
• Transportation of hot corrosive fluids and industrial chemicals
including inorganic acid
• Radiant floor heating, central heating, and solar heating
applications.