Assess your homework

Scenario 1:
• Hazard: Methane gas is highly flammable
– Ensure Bunsen burner is free from damage / tubes
are connected securely/ ignited soon after gas
turned on
• Hazard: Hot objects may cause burns
– Keep apparatus away from edges of benches and
flammable materials like books
– Tie back hair and wear goggles / lab coat
– Allow everything to cool before handling.
 Assess your homework
Scenario 2:
• Hazard: Magnesium metal is highly flammable
– Keep away from all sources of ignition
• Hazard: Hydrochloric acid is harmful
– Wipe up spills immediately
– Wash hands if spilled
– Wear eye protection and lab coat
• Hazard: Reaction fizzes and produces a gas
– Do not hold test tube by hand! (despite image) carry out
instead in a suitable rack
– Keep gas away from sources of ignition (it is hydrogen
which is flammable) – well done if you found this out!
C/W Thursday 18 April 2024

Title: Measuring Volume

Learning Objectives:
• To understand how to measure volume.
• To accurately measure different volumes.
• To correctly identify scientific equipment.

Starter: name the equipment:

Measuring cylinder

Is used to
accurately measure
volumes of liquids
using the scale.

They come in
different sizes.
Conical flask
Is used to hold solids
or liquids that may
release gases during
a reaction or that
are likely to splatter
if stirred or heated.
Beaker
Beakers hold solids
or liquids that will
not release gases
when reacted or are
unlikely to splatter
if stirred or heated.

They have a scale

but it is less
accurate than a
measuring cylinder.
Measuring liquids
Look at your
glass of
liquid…..

What do you
notice about
the top of it…
is it straight?
Demonstration – accurately measuring
volume
During the demonstration,
note down anything related to:
• Accuracy of measurement
• Avoidance of parallax error

Use the diagram to explain

how to accurately measure
10.0 cm3 of water using a
measuring cylinder.
 Experiment: Which measuring cylinder is
best?
Consider the following results table. How do
you think we are going to decide which is best?
Measuring cylinder maximum Initial Final Modulus of mass
volume (cm3) mass (g) mass (g) difference from 10.0(g)
10
25
50

Did you suggest:

1. 10.0cm3 of water has mass of 10.0g so if exactly 10cm3has been
measured, then the cylinder should increase in mass by 10g.
2. ‘Modulus’ ignores whether the difference was an increase or decrease.
It is just how far away from 10.0g the final measurement was.
 Carry out experiment
Copy the primary results table then carry out your
experiments. Share results with 3 nearby groups
Measuring cylinder maximum Initial Final Modulus of mass
volume (cm3) mass (g) mass (g) difference from 10.0(g)
10 24.06 34.00
25 45.45 55.68
50 88.95 99.13

Conclude (in writing). Which measuring cylinder most

accurately measured 10.0 cm3 of water?
 Carry out experiment
Copy the primary results table then carry out your
experiments. Share results with 3 nearby groups
Measuring cylinder maximum Initial Final Modulus of mass
volume (cm3) mass (g) mass (g) difference from 10.0(g)
10 24.06 34.00 0.06
25 45.45 55.68 0.23
50 88.95 99.13 0.18

Conclude (in writing). Which measuring cylinder most

accurately measured 10.0 cm3 of water?
 Conclusion
It is perfectly fine to conclude that there is not very
much difference in the accuracy of the measuring
cylinders.
It may very well be worth considering the results of
other groups in your discussion. After all, one or more
of your results could be Anomalous.
If waiting:
 You can calculate the percentage uncertainty in
your measurements and use the numbers to
support your conclusion. In this case:
 Percentage uncertainty
If waiting:
 You can calculate the percentage uncertainty in
your measurements and use the numbers to
support your conclusion. In this case:

10cm3 – 0.6 % uncertainty.

25cm3 – 2.3% uncertainty
50cm3 – 1.8% uncertainty
 Extension Task
• In a second experiment, you must accurately measure 25.0 cm 3
of hydrochloric acid. Which piece of equipment will be most
accurate? And least accurate? Discuss.