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APPARATUS
z
By DR.SAVITHA
Lacrimal apparatus:
Accesory lacrimal
gland
Location : fossa by
orbital plate of frontal
bone.
Main lacrimal gland
z
Superior- orbital
Inferior- palpebral
Orbital part
2-surfaces-superior n inferior
2 - border-anterior n posterior
muscle.
Ductules:intralobular and
extralobular
Blood supply :
lacrimal artery, a branch of ophthalmic artery (branch of the transverse facial artery )
1. Sensory nerve supply comes from the lacrimal nerve, a branch of ophthalmic division
of the fifth cranial nerve.
2. Sympathetic nerve supply arises from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion as
postganglionic fibres which from the carotid plexus of the cervical sympathetics. From
the sympathetic plexus around the internal carotid artery, some fibres join the deep
petrosal nerve, then the nerve of pterygoid gland, and then ultimately reach the lacrimal
gland through the lacrimal nerve branch of V1 (Fig. 10.10).
3. Secretomotor fibres are derived from the superior salivary nucleus. The course of the
nerve fibres reaching the lacrimal gland in summarized in Fig. 10.10. For details, see
page 566.Accessory lacrimal glands
z
ACCESSORY LACRIMAL GLANDS
z
• Glands of Krause
•Glands of Wolfring
• Intraorbital glands
2.Glands of Wolfring
1. Lacrimal puncta:
papilla.
at right angle
ampulla.
Structure:
Parts:fundus,body,neck
Relations of the lacrimal sac
z
1.Medially:anterior ethmoidal sinus in the upper part and middle meatus of the nose in the lower part.
Lacrimal fascia and few fibres of the inferior oblique muscle which arise from it.
Medial palpebral ligament-covers only the upper part of the sac.distension -occurs in lower part. Lacrimal abscess
and fistula also open in the lower part owing to less resistance.
Angular vein which crosses the medial palpebral ligament about 8 mm from the medial canthus. Many a time a
tributary of the Angular vein runs between it and the medial canthus. Therefore, to avoid profuse bleeding during sac
surgery, the incision should not be made more than 3 mm medial to the medial canthus.
Skin
• Lacrimal fascia.
• Fibres of lacrimal part of orbicularis. Septum orbitale which separates the sac from the orbital fat and check ligament of
the medial rectus muscle.
LACRIMAL PASSAGES:NLD
z
3 mm in diameter.
2 PARTS:intraosseous part (12.5 mm) : anterolaterally by the Maxilla and posteromedially by the lacrimal
and inferior nasal concha. The nasolacrimal canal lies lateral to middle meatus and produces a ridge in the
maxillary antrum; therefore, lesions of the maxillary sinus often cause epiphora.
intrameatal part (5.5 mm).-The opening of the NLD in the inferior meatus is situated at a depth of about
30-40 mm from the anterior nares.
The lumen of the NLD has valve of Hasner situated at its lower end. It prevents the entry of the air into the
lacrimal sac, when air is blown out of a closed nose.
In the fetus, the NLD is a solid cord of cells, which gets canalised later. In about 30% of the newborn
infants, the canalization is delayed or does not occur at its lower end near the valve of Hasner. This
Structure of lacrimal sac and duct
z superficial layer is of non-ciliated columnar cells and contains goblet cells. deep layer is of
1. Epithelium:
flattened cells.
2.Subepithelial tissue c- lymphocytes which may aggregate in pathological condition to form follicles.
3.Fibroelastic tissue
Venous drainage- angular vein and infraorbital vein from above and into the nasal vein from below.
Nerve supply
Sensory nerve supply to the lacrimal sac and NLD comes from the infratrochlear nerve and the anterior
superior alveolar nerves.Probably, there is a reflex relation between the nerve supply of the lacrimal
gland and the lacrimal sac, because extirpation of the latter greatly diminishes the tear production.