Umayyad Caliphate

OBJECTIVES
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The Rise of the The Umayyad 1 famous
The Most
Umayyads Conquest Umayyad Khalifas

1v v v1
The Fall of the Impact and Effect The Legacy
Umayyad Caliphate the Umayyad the Umayyad
Caliphate had on Caliphate had Left
Islam and the Arabic
World
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The Rise of the
Umayyads
 The Rise of the
Umayyads
After the death of the prophet Muhammed, Abu Bakr took
the title of Khalifa, which means successor, to start the
Rashidun Caliphate. He was followed by Omar ibn al-
Khattab and Uthman ibn Affan, but when Ali ibn Abi Talib
became a Khalifa that angered some people. That led to the
Waly Damascus Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan AlAmawy, a
companion of the Prophet Muhammad and a skilled
military leader, to declare himself Khalifa in 661 CE in
Damascus to start the Umayyad Caliphate taking Damascus
as its capital.
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The Umayyad
Conquest
 The Umayyad Conquest
The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests,
conquering Ifriqi ( modern-day Tunisia and
eastern Algeria ), Transoxiana (modern-
day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan,
Turkmenistan, and Kyrgyzstan) Sind (modern-day
Pakistan and north-west India), the Maghreb
(modern-day Morocco and western Algeria ), and
Hispania or Al-Andalus ( modern-day Spain, Portugal
and southern France ). At its greatest extent, the
Umayyad Caliphate covered around
1,100,000 km2, making it the eighth-largest empire in
terms of area.
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The Most famous
Umayyad Khalifas
 The Most famous Umayyad
Khalifas
The Umayyad dynasty had 14 different Khalifa. The most famous Umayyad Khalifas are:
 Muawiya the First ibn Abi Sufyan: Muawiya the First was important because he founded the
Umayyad Caliphate, and ruled from 661 to 680 AD almost for 19 years.

 Marwan the First ibn al-Hakam: During the reign of Muawiya, Marwan organized the defense of
the Umayyad realm in the Hejaz (western Arabia) against the local opposition in the first Fitna,
also he won the second Fitna, and ruled from 684 to 685 AD.

 Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan: Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan made Arabic the language of government
throughout his domains, struck Islamic the first gold coins to replace Byzantine ones, built
the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and ruled from 685 to 705 AD almost 20 years.
Umayyad’s Family Tree
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The Fall of the
Umayyad Caliphate
 The Fall of the Umayyad
Caliphate
Despite its military successes and cultural achievements, the Umayyad

Caliphate faced internal strife and challenges to its authority. The widespread

discontent among non-Arab Muslims, as well as the growing power of regional

governors, eventually led to the downfall of the Umayyad Caliphate. In 750 CE

the caliphate was almost 90 years old, when the Abbasids overthrew the

Umayyads and established the Abbasid Caliphate taking Baghdad as its capital.
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Impact and Effect the
Umayyad Caliphate had on
Islam and the Arabic World
 Impact and Effect the Umayyad
Caliphate had on Islam and the Arabic
World
The Umayyads also oversaw a rapid expansion
of territory, extending as far west of Spain and
as far east as India, which allowed both Islam
and the Arabic language to spread over a vast
area.
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The Legacy the
Umayyad Caliphate
had Left
 The Legacy the Umayyad
Caliphate had Left
 After the caliphate was overthrown by the Abbasid
Revolution in 750, the Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman the
First fled the former capital of Damascus and established the
Emirate of Córdoba (an independent emirate in southern
Spain) in 756.
 Later in 929 Emir Abd al-Rahman the Third declared the
independence of the Caliphate of Córdoba proclaiming
himself Khalifa.
 The Caliphate of Córdoba lasted till 1031 almost 105 years.
 Done by
Makram Makarem 9ADP