N2 FITTING & MACHINING THEORY

MALUTI TVET COLLEGE

LECTURER : MT MPHAGO

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 MODULE 18

SURFACE GRINDING

LO : Describe the reasons for surface grinding with practical applications,

explain the types of grinding and grinding faults.

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 INTRODUCTION

 Surface grinding is a finishing process designed to

provide close dimensional accuracy.
 A grinding wheel is used.

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 CARE OF SURFACE GRINDER AND FUNCTION.

CARE OF SURFACE GRINDER FUNCTION

Never force grind a work piece or jab a workpiece Surface grinding is the precision grinding of a
into a grinding wheel. planned surface.
Never stop the machine table while the work piece
is in contact with the grinding wheel.
Dress the wheel regularly with a diamond wheel
dresser.
Do not take big cut as the wheel will bite into the
work piece.
Inspect the wheel for cracks regularly by doing the
ring test.

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HORIZONTAL SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE.

VERITICAL SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE.

 HORIZONTAL SURFACE GRINDING MACHINES

MACHINE WITH RECIPROCATING TABLE MACHINE WITH ROTARY TABLE

Has a grinding wheel mounted on the horizontal wheel Has a grinding wheel mounted on a horizontal grinding
spindle. wheel spindle.
The face of the grinding wheel ( outside edge) is presented The machine table is circular and turns under the
to the work piece. grinding wheel.
The work piece ( if made of ferrous metal) is mounted on a
magnetic chuck to move back and forth under speedily
revolving grinding wheel.

The table can also move in and out.

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 VERTICAL SURFACE GRINDING MACHINES

MACHINE WITH RECIPROCATING TABLE MACHINE WITH ROTARY TABLE

Has a grinding wheel mounted on the vertical wheel
spindle. It has a rotary work table. The table turns.
The side of the grinding wheel ( grinding face) is brought
into contact with the work piece. This are often very large machines.

It has a reciprocating work table.

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 GRINDING WHEELS.

 Grinding wheels are made of natural stones with the grains that are bonded together
at high temperature.
 Grain size determines whether the wheel surface is fine, medium or coarse.
 The grade of the wheel refers to the hardness of the bond. Hard grade wheels are
used for grinding soft materials while soft grade wheels are used for grinding hard
materials
 Structure of the wheel depends on how close the grains are packed together.
 All power operated grinding machines must be clearly marked with the
recommended speed (in revolutions per minute) of the spindle.
 Every grinding must have guards which is able to withstand the force of a rupturing
wheel.
 Each machine must carry a notice prohibiting people from performing, inspecting or
observing grinding work without suitable protection for the eyes.

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SELECTION OF GRINDING WHEELS, KINDS OF ABRASIVE MATERIAL AND GRIT OR GRAIN SIZE

Selection of grinding wheels

 When selecting a grinding wheel t several factors are improtant and influence the choice of grain, grade
and bond. A soft wheel is used for hard and dense work pieces and hard wheel for soft work pieces.
Kinds of abrasive material.
 Aluminium oxide(A) is used for grinding carbon steel, high speed steel, alloy steel and similar materials.
 Silicon carbon oxide(C) is used for grinding cast iron, copper, soft bronze and alunimium.
Grit or grain size. Sizes varies from 8 to 600 mm.

Coarse Medium Fine Very Fine

8 30 80 220

10 36 90 240

12 46 100 280

14 54 120 320

16 60 150 400

20 70 180 500

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 GRINDING WHEEL MARKINGS

All grinding wheel are classified according to the following elements:

 Abrasive type, Grit (grain size), Grade, structure, bond type. See the table below:

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 DIFFERENT TYPES OF BONDS

Bonding materials define the type of finished produce.

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 GRINDING WHEEL PROFILES

Disc grinding ( straight) wheel

 Has the grinding face periphery and the grinding
face is at right angles to the side which is
sometimes called an “ A” face.

Cup grinding wheels

 There two types, the straight and double cup
wheels.

Flaring cup grinding wheel

 The grinding face is on the flat rim or wall of the
cup. The wall is tapered.

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GRINDING FAULTS

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TYPES OF MAGNETIC CHUCKS

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 SUMMARY

 Care and function of surface grinding machine.

 Types of surface grinding machines.
 Grinding wheels.
 Grinding wheel markings.
 Different types of bonds.
 Grinding wheel profiles.
 Grinding faults.
 Types of magnetic chucks.

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 ASSESSMENT

Exercise 18.1 page 217 of the textbook supplied by the college. “N2 fitting & machining theory by D
Meyer & AG Murdcoch.”

8 & 12.

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