AF04 SARC SoftwareFactories

Software Factories :
Assembling Applications with Patterns,

Models, Frameworks and Tools
Steve Cook
Software Architect
Enterprise Tools, Visual Studio
Microsoft Architects Forum

Agenda
 Software Industrialization
 Domain Specific Languages
 Viewpoints and Languages
 A Software Factory Schema
 MDA and UML

The Software Crisis (ca. 2004)
 $250B/yr in US (average $430K to $2.3M per

project)
 16% on time and budget but deliver less than
planned (avg 42%)
 53% overrun (avg 189%)
 31% are canceled, losing $140B/yr

From “Kurzweil, Moore, and Accelerating Change”, Ilkka Tuomi,
http://www.jrc.es/~tuomiil/articles/Kurzweil.pdf Microsoft Architects Forum
Industrialization
Dynamic
Mass Craftsmanship
Product change
Customization
Stable
Mass Continuous
Production Improvement
Stable Dynamic
Process change

Software Development as Craftsmanship
 Labour Intensive
 Generic Tools
 Generic Processes
 One off applications
 Hand stitched from
scratch
 Minimal reuse
Overruns, defects, security holes, project

failures
Industrialization
Dynamic
Mass Craftsmanship
Product change
Customization
Stable
Mass Continuous
Stable Dynamic
Process change

Mass Production / Continuous
Improvement
 Exploit economies of
scale to automate &
improve production
 Stamping out many
identical copies of a
prototype
 Used to produce
CDs/DVDs
 Does nothing to help
software development

Industrialization
Dynamic
Mass Craftsmanship
Product change
Customization D
yn
am
ic
s ta
bi l
i ty
Stable
Mass Continuous
Stable Dynamic
Process change

Mass Customization
 Exploit economies of
scope
 Reuse designs &
components
 Use well-understood
processes
 Key is supporting
variability
Define only the unique pieces of each

system
Software Factories
 Domain-specific process
 Domain-specific tools &
languages
 Domain-specific content
 Automate rote and menial
tasks
 Improve through
experience and
measurement
General-purpose IDEs become domain-

specific software factories
Agenda
 MDA and UML

Raising the Level of Abstraction
Requirements
Increasing Abstraction
Gap
Executables
Executables
Requirements
Increasing Abstraction
Executables
Gap
The history of programming is an
exercise in hierarchical Language
abstraction. In each generation,
language designers produce Language
constructs for lessons learned in Executables
the previous generation, and then
architects use them to build more
complex and powerful
abstractions. (Smith and Stotts)
Domain Specific Languages
C(x) h C(x) Declarative
ih = –
t 2m  x
a>b && c==d

jo biscuits 24 green
pat cakes 32 pink
<CallRecord>
<caller><number>07713248</number>
Employee Job
Textual name
address 0..*
description
pay Pictorial
promote assign
Call
Record base rate: £/s
class Magnox : NuclearPowerStation call length
store
{
call
public void dropRods () Procedural Microsoft Architects Forum

Domain Specific Languages
 Focused on a single aspect of application building
 Success in broad horizontal domains: SQL, Windows
Form Designer
 Easy to understand by domain experts
 Designed to support the concepts defined by an
underlying framework
 Automate rote tasks with effective code generation
 Increase agility by visualizing concepts, generating
code and other artifacts, enabling rapid iteration
Building them must be fast, cheap

and easy
Parts of a DSL
Concepts &
Well-formedness
Rules
Notations &
Mappings
XML Serialization
Generated and
Related Artifacts

Implementing a DSL
Modeling Language
(tool) designer
feeds in language /
tool design
Developer
adds detail to design
generate e.g. extra metadata to drive code generation
code Software /
Generated
Generated systems
designer
MDF
API
MDF
adds code
(optional)

Models and Frameworks
Tools Framework
edit / build
Other Other
Editors Resources
Custom uses
Partial
Classes
DSL Framework completes
ASP.NET
Editor Partial
generates Classes
generates Model Files uses

(SDM)
DSL Config Files
Model
Effective Transformations
Model
Model
Model
Application
Generated Code
Code
Framework
Domain Specific
Application
Generated
Generated Pattern
Framework
Language
Code
Code Platform
Platform
Frameworks
Platform
Platform
Platform
Frameworks
Generate to
Old Case Framework
Model Model
Model
Model
Generated
Application
Generated CodeCode
Code
Platform
Platform
Platform
Frameworks Generated
Application
Generated CodeCode
Code
Platform
Platform
Platform
Generate Frameworks
DSLs To Platform Interrelated

Models
Agenda
 MDA and UML

Code Visualization
Class
Class Designer
Designer
and
and
two-way
two-way code
code synch
synch
XML, Projects,
Configs, Classes,
Code
packaged into Deployment

Units

Raising The Level Of Abstraction
Assemblies
? Projects and
Templates
.asmx Files .asmx Code Other Code Config Files

Behinds

Raising The Level Of Abstraction
Application Connection Model
Assemblies Projects and

Templates
.asmx Files .asmx Code Other Code Config Files

Behinds

Vertical Mapping - Application
Design
Services,
Messages, Applications,
Endpoints
Abstraction/
refinement
XML, Projects,
Configs, Classes,
Code
packaged into Deployment

Units

Vertical Mapping - Data Center
Design
Services,
Messages, Applications, Logical Data Center
Endpoints Host Software
Abstraction/
refinement
XML, Projects,
Physical Servers
Configs, Classes,
and Network
Code
Segments
packaged into Deployment deployed on

Units

Providing Traceability
Applications
System
Definition Application
Model
Hosting
Logical Machines &

Network Topology
Hardware

Horizontal Mapping - Deployment
constraints
Services,
XML, Projects,
Physical Servers
Configs, Classes,
and Network
Code
Segments

Units

User Interface Process Design
Implementable Business
Processes and Entities
User Interface
Process
Services, Logical Business

Entities,
Operations, Rules
XML, Projects, DB
Definitions Physical Servers
Configs, Classes,
and Network
Code
Segments

Units

Business Entity
Business
Capabilities
Implementation
Business Processes and
Entities
Implementable Business Manual

Processes and Entities Processes
User Interface
Process
Biztalk
Schedules & Rules
Services,
Messages, Applications, LogicalBusiness Entities, Logical Data Center
Endpoints Operations, Rules Host Software
XML, Projects, DB
Physical Servers
Definitions
Configs, Classes, and Network
Code Segments

Units

Business Process Modeling
Business
Capabilities

Entities
User Interface
Process
Services,
Messages, Applications, Logical Business Entities, Logical Data Center
XML, Projects, DB
Configs, Classes,
and Network
Code
Segments

Units

Business Process
Business
Capabilities
Implementation
Entities

User Interface
Process
Biztalk
Schedules & Rules
Services,
XML, Projects, DB
Configs, Classes,
and Network
Code
Segments

Units

Configuring
Business
Capabilities
Business
Entities Capabilities
User Interface
Process
Biztalk
Schedules & Rules
Services,
XML, Projects, DB
Configs, Classes,
and Network
Code
Segments

Units

Agenda
 MDA and UML

Software Factory Schema
Business
A Graph of
Capabilities

Entities
Interrelated
Manual
Processes
Viewpoints
User Interface
Process
BizTalk
Schedules & Rules
Services,
Messages, Applications, Logical Business Entities Logical Data Center
Endpoints Rules, Operations Host Software
XML, Projects, DB
Configs, Classes,
and Network
Code
Segments
Deployment
Units
Software Factory Schema
Business
Capabilities
Recipe for a
system family
Entities
Models
Patterns
Manual
Blocks
User Interface
Process
WinOE
Schedules & Rules
Frameworks
Services,
Components
Messages, Applications,
Endpoints Process
Logical Business Entities
Operations, Rules
Logical Data Center
Host Software
Test Cases
XML, Projects, Tools
DB
Configs, Classes,
and Network
Code
Segments

Units
…A Software Factory Schema
 Like a recipe for a specific class of systems
 A set of viewpoints related by formal mappings
 Describes artifacts required to build systems in the class and explains
how to combine them
 Implemented by a software factory template
 Configures Visual Studio to build members of the class
 Provides the necessary ingredients and tools
 Solution template, project templates, file templates, patterns, dynamic
help, work item types, workflow, check in policy, reports, groups &
permissions, phase exit criteria
 Creates a domain specific IDE called a software factory
 Integrates tools, process and content for the class of systems
 Domain specific editing, compilation, debugging, refactoring,
building, testing, deployment, configuration management, defect
tracking, reporting

Why Software Factories
 Consolidate implicit business and system

development knowledge for software product lines
into specialized tools, process, and content
 Increase productivity and predictability by better
organizing and automating the development process
 Reduce cost and risk by distributing the software
life cycle across networks of interdependent groups
and partners

Agenda
 MDA and UML

What About MDA?
 Camp 1: A way to build applications in UML using
 A platform-independent UML model (PIM)
 Many platform-specific UML models (PSM)
 Camp 2: Promoting the Meta Object Facility
(MOF) as a substrate for defining models and their
relationships
 Few vendors implement MOF
 Interoperability is poor
 Camp 3: UML as a programming language
 Interacting state machines define the behavior
 Useful for real-time niches eg avionics

About UML
 Popular and successful set of notational conventions for
modelling
 Addresses only a few domains well
 Misses Testing, Database, User Interaction, Services, Business
Capabilities
 Weak extension mechanisms
 Stereotypes and tags have no behavior
 Hard to implement consistently in tools
 Large, complex, inconsistent, disorganized
 Inconsistent one-size-fits-all semantics
 Defined by prose not by translation or execution
 Defines model structure inside the model
 Makes models hard to map to storage systems

“UML and More”
 Introduce family of Domain Specific Languages as

an alternative to a generic UML
 Allow existing Visio tools to address needs of
Sketchers
 Reduce cost and effort to produce custom languages
and designers
 Provide templates for UML-like notations as
starting-points for language design
 Sign up partners to build UML tools on our
platform

Summary
 MDA and UML

Resources
 Websites
 Software Factories
 http://msdn.microsoft.com/architecture/softwarefactories
 Visual Studio 2005 Team System
 http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/teamsystem
 Visual Studio 2004 Team System Workshop
 http://lab.msdn.microsoft.com/vs2005/teamsystem/workshop
 Newsgroups
 Microsoft.private.whidbey.teamsystem.architect
 Microsoft.private.whidbey.teamsystem.architect.modeling
 Email
 stcook@microsoft.com
 Weblog
 http://blogs.msdn.com/stevecook

© 2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

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Software Factories :

Assembling Applications with Patterns,

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

 $250B/yr in US (average $430K to $2.3M per

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

Overruns, defects, security holes, project

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

Define only the unique pieces of each

General-purpose IDEs become domain-

Microsoft Architects Forum

a>b && c==d

class Magnox : NuclearPowerStation call length

public void dropRods () Procedural Microsoft Architects Forum

Building them must be fast, cheap

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

generates Model Files uses

DSLs To Platform Interrelated

Microsoft Architects Forum

packaged into Deployment

Microsoft Architects Forum

.asmx Files .asmx Code Other Code Config Files

Microsoft Architects Forum

Application Connection Model

Assemblies Projects and

.asmx Files .asmx Code Other Code Config Files

Microsoft Architects Forum

packaged into Deployment

Microsoft Architects Forum

packaged into Deployment deployed on

Microsoft Architects Forum

Logical Machines &

Microsoft Architects Forum

packaged into Deployment deployed on

Microsoft Architects Forum

Services, Logical Business

packaged into Deployment deployed on

Microsoft Architects Forum

Implementable Business Manual

packaged into Deployment deployed on

Microsoft Architects Forum

Business Processes and

packaged into Deployment deployed on

Microsoft Architects Forum

Implementable Business Manual

packaged into Deployment deployed on

Microsoft Architects Forum

packaged into Deployment deployed on

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

Business Processes and

packaged into Deployment deployed on

Microsoft Architects Forum

 Consolidate implicit business and system

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

Microsoft Architects Forum

 Introduce family of Domain Specific Languages as