PHP & MySQL

CSI4118
Fall 2005
Introduction to PHP

Basic principles and syntax

 What is PHP?

 PHP == ‘Hypertext Preprocessor’

 Open-source, server-side scripting language
 Used to generate dynamic web-pages
 PHP scripts reside between reserved PHP tags
 This allows the programmer to embed PHP
scripts within HTML pages

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 WhatisisPHP
What PHP(Cont’d)
(cont’d)
 Interpreted language, scripts are parsed at run-
time rather than compiled beforehand
 Executed on the server-side
 Source-code not visible by client
 ‘View Source’ in browsers does not display the PHP
code
 Plethora of built-in functions allow for fast
development
 Compatible with many popular databases

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 What does PHP code look like?
 Structurally similar to C/C++
 Supports procedural and object-oriented
paradigm (to some degree)
 All PHP statements end with a semi-colon
 Each PHP script must be enclosed in the
reserved PHP tag
<?php
…
?>

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 Comments in PHP

 Standard C, C++, and shell comment

symbols

// C++ and Java-style comment

# Shell-style comments

/* C-style comments
These can span multiple lines */

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 Variables in PHP

 PHP variables must begin with a “$” sign

 Case-sensitive ($Foo != $foo != $fOo)
 Global and locally-scoped variables
 Global variables can be used anywher
 Local variables restricted to a function or class
 Certain variable names reserved by PHP
 Form variables ($_POST, $_GET)
 Server variables ($_SERVER)
 Etc.

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 Variable usage

<?php
$foo = 25; // Numerical variable
$bar = “Hello”; // String variable

$foo = ($foo * 7); // Multiplies foo by 7

$bar = ($bar * 7); // Invalid
expression ?>

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 Echo

 The PHP command ‘echo’ is used to output the

parameters passed to it
 The typical usage for this is to send data to the
client’s web-browser
 Syntax
 void echo (string arg1 [, string argn...])
 In practice, arguments are not passed in parentheses
since echo is a language construct rather than an
actual function

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 Echo example
<?php
$foo = 25; // Numerical variable
$bar = “Hello”; // String variable

echo $bar; // Outputs Hello

echo $foo,$bar; // Outputs 25Hello
echo “5x5=“,$foo; // Outputs 5x5=25
echo “5x5=$foo”; // Outputs 5x5=25
echo ‘5x5=$foo’; // Outputs 5x5=$foo
?>

 Notice how echo ‘5x5=$foo’ outputs $foo rather than replacing it with
25
 Strings in single quotes (‘ ‘) are not interpreted or evaluated by PHP
 This is true for both variables and character escape-sequences (such as
“\n” or “\\”)

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 Functions
 Functions MUST be defined before then can be
called
 Function headers are of the format

function functionName($arg_1, $arg_2, …, $arg_n)

 Note that no return type is specified
 Unlike variables, function names are not case
sensitive (foo(…) == Foo(…) == FoO(…))

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 Functions example

<?php
// This is a function
function foo($arg_1, $arg_2)
{
$arg_2 = $arg_1 * $arg_2;
return $arg_2;
}

$result_1 = foo(12, 3); // Store the

function
echo $result_1; // Outputs 36
echo foo(12, 3); // Outputs 36
?>

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 The Big Picture for Assignment 2

 Learn about web-servers

 Learn about Apache
 Download / Installation
 Learn about PHP
 Download / Installation
 Configure Apache
 Modify and save the configuration file, then restart
 Learn about file I/O without the aid of SQL
 Design, write, and test scripts to solve
Assignment 2

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 Saving Data in Text Files
 PHP has built in functions for File I/O processing
 fopen (..), fwrite(..), fclose(..), fflush(..),
file_get_contents(..)
 Using these pre-made functions, File I/O in PHP
is similar to that of C
 General Flow:
 Open file
 Read data
 Modify data
 Write data
 Close file

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 Saving Data in Text Files
Reading from a file
<?php
$file = fopen("sample.txt", "r");
while (!feof($file)) {
echo fgets($file), "<BR>";
}
?>
Reading from a URL
<?php $file = fopen("http://www.php.net/file.txt", "r"); ?>

Writing to a file
<?php
$file = fopen("agent.log", "a");
fputs($file, $HTTP_USER_AGENT."\n");
?>

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 Saving Data in Text Files
Reading from a file
<?php
$file = fopen("sample.txt", "r");
while (!feof($file)) {
echo fgets($file), "<BR>";
}
?>
Reading from a URL
<?php $file = fopen("http://www.php.net/file.txt", "r"); ?>

Writing to a file
<?php
$file = fopen("agent.log", "a");
fputs($file, $HTTP_USER_AGENT."\n");
?>

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 Saving Data in Text Files
Reading a File directly into Array or String

The file() function reads entire file into an array: array file (string filename [, int
use_include_path]) Each element of the array corresponds to a line in the file, with
the newline still attached.
You can use the optional second parameter and set it to "1", if you want to search
for the file in the include_path, too.

Example (read a web page into an array and print it out):

$fcontents = file ('http://localhost');
while (list ($line_num, $line) = each ($fcontents))
{ echo "Line $line_num: " . htmlspecialchars ($line) . "\n"; }

Example (read a web page into an array and join it to a string):

$fcontents = join ('', file ('http://localhost'));

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 Saving Data in Text Files: Example
<?php
$filename = 'test.txt'; /* Filename for writing. This is assumed to be in the same directory as
the script */
$somecontent = "Add this to the file\n"; // String to append to the file

// Let's make sure the file exists and is writable first.

if (is_writable($filename)) {
// Open the file in append mode ( ‘a’ ) so that the string being stored is written at the end of the
// file rather than replacing the existing text
if (!$handle = fopen($filename, 'a')) {
echo "Cannot open file ($filename)";
exit;
}
// Write $somecontent to the opened file.
if (fwrite($handle, $somecontent) === FALSE) {
echo "Cannot write to file ($filename)";
exit;
}
echo "Success, wrote ($somecontent) to file ($filename)";

fclose($handle);
} else {
echo "The file $filename is not writable";
} ?>

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 For more information…

 http://www.php.net/manual/en/
 http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp
 http://www.zend.com/zend/tut/

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Various Notes on PHP

Several useful tidbits

 Header

 The PHP function header(string)is used to

send a raw HTTP header to the browser
 Most useful for redirecting the browser to
another page (after a successful login, for
example)

<?php
// string storing the destination
$url = http://www.uottawa.ca

/* Sends a header telling the browser to

navigate to $url */
header(“Location: “ . $url);
?>
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 IMPORTANT NOTE!

It is absolutely vital that any calls to

header(…) must be made before any
other output is sent to the browser (either
by standard HTML tags, HTML
comments, PHP’s echo command, or
even blank lines. Failure to ensure this
will result in an error when your PHP
script runs

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 Preventing Browser-caching

 The header(…) function can also be

used to prevent the browser from caching
the data sent by PHP. This forces the
browser to refresh the page everytime the
page is loaded.

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 Anti-caching example

<?php
// Date in the past
header("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT");

// always modified
header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . "
GMT");

// HTTP/1.1
header("Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-
revalidate");
header("Cache-Control: post-check=0, pre-check=0", false);

// HTTP/1.0
header("Pragma: no-cache");
?>
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 Anti-caching example
IE 6 Fix:

when you click your back button to make changes in the

form, you have to click the REFRESH button on that page to
get the information that you posted back into the form.
This only works about 50% of the time, the other 50% the
users information is lost and they have to type it over
again.

Not a good thing if you are trying to get the person to

enter their billing information to process an order. They
might just get irritated and leave. So, here's a solution
for that. Enter this right below the session_start() of
each script (yes it still must be before anything is output
to the browser).
Solution:
PHP Example: header("Cache-control: private");

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 Anti-caching example
<?php
// start the session
session_start();
header("Cache-control: private"); //IE 6 Fix

echo "<strong>Step 2 - Register Session </strong><br />";

// Get the user's input from the form

$name = $_POST['name'];

// Register session key with the value

$_SESSION['name'] = $name;

// Display the sssion information:

?>

Welcome to my website <strong><? echo $_SESSION['name']; ?></strong>!<br />

Let's see what happens on the <a href="page3.php">next page.</a><br /><br />
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 MD5 Hashing

 The PHP Function md5(string) takes a string

parameter and returns the md5 hash of that
string (a 32-bit hexadecimal number)
 This function does not encrypt the data sent to
it, it merely returns a hash-value for that data.
<?php
$password = ‘tomatePotate';

if (md5($password) === /*MD5 of password

stored in file*/)
{
echo “The passwords match!”
}
?>
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 Resources

 PHP function header(…)

http://www.php.net/manual/en/fu
nction.header.php
 PHP function md5(…)

http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.
md5.php
 RSA MD5 Message Digest Algorithm
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1321
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PHP the [Easy] way

A simple way to configure PHP

and Apache for Assignment 2
 Configuration woes…

 For various reasons, manually configuring PHP

to work with Apache can present a great deal of
trouble

 There exists an elegant software package which

is designed to abstract the configuration process
from web-developers

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 [Easy]PHP
 http://www.easyphp.org/
 Automagically installs and configures Apache,
PHP, and MySQL
 Defaults to running from http://localhost/
 Installer:
 http://www.easyphp.org/telechargements/dn.php?
F=easyphp1-7
 English Readme files (Extract to EasyPHP
Installation Directory):
 http://www.easyphp.org/telechargements/dn.php?
F=indexUS_1.7

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 Benefits of Web Applications

•Free Infrastructure: A major benefit is that the whole

infrastructure is already in place and well developed. Only a web
browser is needed. The new applications can be available to all
the relevant users immediately – IT support staff do not have to
go to each client workstation to install the Client Software

• Free Upgrades: As the application resides on the server, new

versions will be immediately and simultaneously available to every
user. There is no need to distribute updated application files to
every user.

•Interchangeable components: It is possible to exchange

either the server or the browser without breaking the application.
 Web Technolgies
Client-side
•HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
•CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
•XML (Extensible Markup Language)
•DTD (Document Type Declaration)
•XSLT (Extensible Style Sheet Language Translator)
•JavaScript
•VBScript/Jscript
•Animation (Flash )
•Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML –
HTML, JavaScript, CSS & Document Object Model
(DOM)
 Web Technolgies
Server-side
o PHP
o ASP (Active Server Pages) & ASP.NE
o JSP (Java Server Pages)
o Java Servlets
o C++/Java
o PERL
o XML
Database
 ODBC
 JDBC
 OleDB
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 Open Source Software
 www.opensource.org
 Software in a community that is:
 Freely Used (no warranty, no limits on usage)
 Source code is available for any modifications
 Freely Extended (must share source, represent original
works and owners)
 License is not specific to a product or restrict other
software and also technology neutral.

 There's always plenty of professional and peer support from

documentation and mailing lists.
 Runs on any Platform. Bugs are fixed rapidly, and requests for
features are always heard, evaluated, and if feasible,
implemented.
 LAMP
Linux (www.linux.com)
 *nix flavour that is all the rage at the moment.
 Similar to Unix but free and runs on just about anything.
 Latest version: 9.2
•Free
•Coordinated
Apache (www.apache.org) •Cross-platform
 Most popular web page serving software •Plenty of support
 Latest version: 2.0 •http://www.lamphost.net/

MySQL (www.mysql.com)
 Open source SQL database that is free and extremely powerful
 Latest version: 4.1 (though 5.0.1 is testing version)

PHP (www.php.net)
 PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is mainly focused on server-side
scripting, so you can do anything any other CGI program can do, such as
collect form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and receive
cookies. But PHP can do much more.
 Latest version: 4.3 (though 5 is testing)
 Software Usage
Development Profiles

4,000,000 65,000 4,000,000

Others
Java
12,000,000
ASP
PHP
21,400,000 Apache
7,500,000 MySQL
 AMP
 One of the most powerful development models
for the Web has been the notion of “AMP.”


 AMP stands for “Apache / MySQL / PHP &

Perl working together.”
Apache is the MySQL is a very PHP / Perl is a
industry-leading popular general purpose
web server that database that scripting
runs a majority runs on most environment
of web servers operating widely used for
on the Internet. systems. building dynamic
web sites.
Together, they form the nucleus of a web application system.
www.easyphp.org -> contains the software needed for all three
packages. You can install and configure very easily. I am showing
the installation separately
 Apache, MySQL and PHP (AMP)
Integration
User

Us
er
 Apache - Benefits
•Apache is well supported - Most support for Apache is free and
available 24 hours a day via Internet mail or newsgroups.
•Apache is multi-platform - Apache can run on virtually any
hardware platform (from PCs to mainframes), and almost any operating
system, such as Linux, Windows, NetWare, Macintosh, xBSD, etc.
•Apache is secure - security holes are rare but when they exist they
are discovered and fixed quickly
•Apache is extensible - anyone can write modules that easily plug in
to Apache. If Apache doesn't do what you want or need it to do, anyone
with programming skills can write the modules you need.
•Apache is database-friendly - you can interface Apache with
virtually any commercial database, such as Oracle, Sybase, DB2, and
Informix, as well as free databases such as MySQL and Postgres.
•Apache is hardware-friendly - Apache generally consumes far fewer
hardware resources that commercial web servers.
•No Microsoft Viruses - Apache is immune to the Code Red, Nimda,
and other viruses that target at Microsoft Web servers.
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 Installation – Apache (ver 2.0.52)
•Go to http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

• If you are downloading the Win32 distribution,

please read these important notes at the website
http://apache.mirror.mcgill.ca/httpd/binaries/win32/
README.html

•Download the binary version

Win32 Binary (MSI Installer): apache_2.0.52-

win32-x86-no_ssl.msi
 Installation – Apache (ver 2.0.52)
 Move to the folder where the
Apache is installed and double
click on the file to start the
installation.
 Welcome screen - Press Next
to continue
 Apache license – Accept the
terms and Press Next
 Brief intro – Read and Press
Next
 Server Information – Enter
admin user’s email
 Setup Type – Typical
 Destination Folder : leave to
the default and press Next
 Wait for installation to
complete
 You can change the settings in
httpd.conf file in conf folder
 Starting Apache
 Find the port address
 Open httpd.conf and find the port number : 80, 8080 or
8088 (on this machine)  c:\program files\
Apachegroup\Apache2\conf folder
 Starting Apache service
 C:Program Files\ApacheGroup\Apache2\bin\
ApacheMonitor.exe. You will see at the task bar
 Open the monitor and start the apache service if it is not
done already
 Testing the Apache web server
 http://localhost:8088/  You may have a different port
number
 you will see the test web page.
 Configuration - Apache
 Edit and save httpd.conf file:
 Alter Options Indexes FollowSymLinks into
Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks

 Reboot Apache (not computer)

 MySQL - Benefits
•In 1996 T.c.X. DataKonsultAB , a consulting firm in Sweden
developed MySQL.
•The largest growing relational database out on the market as
it can handle large databases that can be accessed over the
Web - Meets the ANSI SQL92 regulations (SQL-Structured
Query Language)
•Mainly runs on UNIX-based environments, but also used on
windows
•One of the most used open source databases in the world.
•Capacity to handle 50,000,000+ records.
•Very fast command execution, perhaps the fastest to be
found on the market.
•Flexible and secure password system to protect your data -
powerful security system
•Fast, reliable, easy to use, and affordable!
•On-line help facility - (type –help or -?,)
•Comes with a source code
 Installation - MySQL
•Go to
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.0.html and
move to Windows (x86)5.0.0a-alpha26.7M

•Click Download

•Create folder called mysql and Unzip the file

•Execute setup.exe

•Welcome screen – Press Next to continue

•Information: Note down and press Next
•Destination Folder: Default (c:\mysql)
•Wait for installation to complete - Press Finish
 Starting MySQL

• Go to C:\mysql\bin
• Execute winmysqladmin.exe. You will be prompted for
username and password. Type as admin with password as
admin
•You will see the Traffic light signal on the task bar and
also the admin window
Configuration - MySQL
 MySQL Control Center
•Graphical administrative interface for MySQL
database(s)

•Can administer several DB servers that are

hosted on different machines

•Download from
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/other/mysqlc
c.html

•Execute the file

 MySQL Control Center - Configuration
 Open program in programs menu

 Establish connection
to DB server

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 MySQL Control Center - Configuration
 in Databases ignore mysql; delete test
 in User Administration delete
 first two users and assign
 password to root users
 ignore Server Administration
 adapt connection (password)

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 PHP - Benefits
•Easy, powerful, popular
•Server-side scripting language
•Supports many DB’s (not only MySQL)
•Platform Independent
•Web Server Independent
•Free and Open Source
PHP Overtakes Microsoft ASP as the Web’s Number 1
server side Web technology for the Internet.
•An April Netcraft surveys indicate 24 percent of the
37.6 million websites, or are running PHP scripts. PHP
adoption is growing by 6.5 percent each month. (9
million sites)
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 Installation - PHP

•Download php 5.0 (binaries) from

http://ca3.php.net/get/php-5.0.2-Win32.zip/fro
m/a/mirror

•Unzip the folder to c:\php-5.0.2-Win32

 Configuration- PHP
• Move to c:\php-5.0.2-Win32
• Rename php.ini-dist file to php.ini
• Copy php.ini to C:\Windows
• Copy php5ts.dll to C:\Windows\SYSTEM
• Go to Start-> All Programs -> HTTP Apache
Server 2.0.52-> Configure HTTP Server
-> Edit the Apache config.httpd config
file
• Look for a section that contains a number of
LoadModule directives (from line number
131) as
# LoadModule
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foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
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 Installation & Configuration- PHP
• Add the line at the end as
LoadModule php5_module
"c:/php-5.0.2-Win32/php5apache2.dll“
• Search for AddType and insert the following lines
#AddType application/x-tar .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-
php .phtml .php
AddType application/x-httpd-
source .phps
• Configure the path to php.ini
PHPIniDir "C:/php-5.0.2-Win32“
• Start Apache Server
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 Test PHP and Apache
•Test the Apache Server as
• Create php folder in D:\SoftwareInstallation\ApacheGroup\
Apache2\htdocs or where you have installed Apache

•Create first.php in htdocs\php folder (D:\SoftwareInstallation\

ApacheGroup\Apache2\htdocs\php) with the following lines:
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
•Open the browser and type the following link
http://localhost:8088/php/first.php
the port number 8088 may be different in your installation.
You will be prompted the php information on the browser.
How it works
 PHP Overview
•Easy learning curve
•Syntax Perl- and C-like syntax. Relatively easy to learn.
•Large function library
•Embedded directly into HTML
•Interpreted, no need to compile
•Open Source server-side scripting language designed
specifically for the web.
•Conceived in 1994, now used on +10 million web sites.
•Outputs not only HTML but can output XML, images (JPG &
PNG), PDF files and even Flash movies all generated on the fly.
Can write these files to the filesystem.
•Supports a wide-range of databases (20 + ODBC).
•PHP also has support for talking to other services using
protocols such as LDAP, IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3, HTTP.
• Refer to php manual
http://www.php.net/manual/en/
 First PHP script
 Save as sample.php in htdocs:
<!– sample.php -->
<html><body>
<strong>Hello World!</strong><br />
<?php
echo “<h2>Hello, World</h2>”; ?>
<?php
$myvar = "Hello World";
echo $myvar;
?>
</body></html>

 Browser: http://localhost:8088/php/sample.php

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 PHP Control Structures
•Control Structures: Are the structures within a language that
allow us to control the flow of execution through a program or
script.
•Grouped into conditional (branching) structures (e.g. if/else) and
repetition structures (e.g. while loops).
•Example if/else if/else statement:

if ($foo == 0) {
echo ‘The variable foo is equal to 0’;
}
else if (($foo > 0) && ($foo <= 5)) {
echo ‘The variable foo is between 1 and 5’;
}
else {
echo ‘The variable foo is equal to ‘.$foo;
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 PHP - Forms
•Access to the HTTP POST and GET data is simple in PHP
•The global variables $_POST[] and $_GET[] contain the request
data
<?php
if ($_POST["submit"])
echo "<h2>You clicked Submit!</h2>";
else if ($_POST["cancel"])
echo "<h2>You clicked Cancel!</h2>";
?>
<form action="form.php" method="post">

<input type="submit" name="submit"

value="Submit">
<input type="submit" name="cancel"
value="Cancel">
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 WHY PHP – Sessions ?
Whenever you want to create a website that allows you to store and display
information about a user, determine which user groups a person belongs to,
utilize permissions on your website or you just want to do something cool on
your site, PHP's Sessions are vital to each of these features.

Cookies are about 30% unreliable right now and it's getting worse every day.
More and more web browsers are starting to come with security and privacy
settings and people browsing the net these days are starting to frown upon
Cookies because they store information on their local computer that they do
not want stored there.

PHP has a great set of functions that can achieve the same results of
Cookies and more without storing information on the user's computer. PHP
Sessions store the information on the web server in a location that you chose
in special files. These files are connected to the user's web browser via the
server and a special ID called a "Session ID". This is nearly 99% flawless in
operation and it is virtually invisible to the user.

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 PHP - Sessions
•Sessions store their identifier in a cookie in the client’s browser
•Every page that uses session data must be proceeded by the
session_start() function
•Session variables are then set and retrieved by accessing the
global $_SESSION[]

•Save it as session.php
<?php
session_start();
if (!$_SESSION["count"])
$_SESSION["count"] = 0;
if ($_GET["count"] == "yes")
$_SESSION["count"] = $_SESSION["count"] + 1;
echo "<h1>".$_SESSION["count"]."</h1>";
?>
<a href="session.php?count=yes">Click here to count</a>
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 Avoid Error PHP - Sessions
PHP Example: <?php
echo "Look at this nasty error below:<br />";
session_start();
?>
Error!

Warning: Cannot send session cookie - headers already sent by

(output started at session_header_error/session_error.php:2) in
session_header_error/session_error.php on line 3
Warning: Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already
sent (output started at
session_header_error/session_error.php:2) in
session_header_error/session_error.php on line 3

PHP Example: <?php

session_start();
echo "Look at this nasty error below:";
?>
Correct
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 Destroy PHP - Sessions
Destroying a Session
why it is necessary to destroy a session when the session will get
destroyed when the user closes their browser. Well, imagine that you had
a session registered called "access_granted" and you were using that to
determine if the user was logged into your site based upon a username
and password. Anytime you have a login feature, to make the users feel
better, you should have a logout feature as well. That's where this cool
function called session_destroy() comes in handy. session_destroy() will
completely demolish your session (no, the computer won't blow up or self
destruct) but it just deletes the session files and clears any trace of that
session.
NOTE: If you are using the $_SESSION superglobal array like we are in this
tutorial, you must clear the array values first, then run session_destroy.
Here's how we use session_destroy():

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 Destroy PHP - Sessions
<?php
// start the session
session_start();
header("Cache-control: private"); //IE 6 Fix
$_SESSION = array();
session_destroy();
echo "<strong>Step 5 - Destroy This Session </strong><br />";
if($_SESSION['name']){
echo "The session is still active";
} else {
echo "Ok, the session is no longer active! <br />";
echo "<a href=\"page1.php\"><< Go Back Step 1</a>";
}
?>

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 MySQL Overview

 Fast, free, stable database

 Syntax is similar to Oracle
 Many of the same features as Oracle
 Production version still missing subqueries,
stored procedures, and triggers
 Frequently used in conjunction with Linux,
Apache, and PHP

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 MySQL – Database Basics
•A relational database manager (MySQL) manages databases
which holds tables which has records (rows) with attributes
(columns)

•Each record must have a unique ID, also known as a

Primary Key. When used as an identifier in another table it’s
called a Foreign Key. Used for joins.

•Each attribute has to have a data type. (e.g. int, text,

varchar)

•A database language (SQL) is used to create and delete

databases and manage data

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 MySQL – Create Tables
 Table structure for following examples:
CREATE TABLE oscarpool ( CREATE TABLE
uid int(4) auto_increment, bestdirector (
username varchar(255), bdid int(4)
email varchar(255), auto_increment,
bestpicture int(2), name varchar(255),
PRIMARY KEY (uid) PRIMARY KEY (bdid)
) )
 Created two tables, ‘oscarpool’ & ‘bestdirector’ using:
(a) use MySQL either in line mode (cd c:\mysql\bin and mysql) or
(b) Use MySQL Control Center
(c) use phpMyAdmin tool which you can get from
http://www.phpmyadmin.net/
 phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration
of MySQL over the Web. Currently it can create and drop databases,
create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL
statement, manage keys on fields, manage privileges,export data into
various formats http://localhost:8088/mysql/index.php
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 MySQL – INSERT
 Common SQL Statement: INSERT
INSERT INTO
oscarpool
(username,email,bestpicture)
VALUES
(‘dolsen',‘dave@usablecode.com',1)

 Creates a new record in the table ‘oscarpool’

 Text fields need to have ‘s.
 Tip: If you have an ‘ in your data you need to escape it before
inserting it. Can use the PHP function addslashes().
 Example: ‘John O\’Brien’

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 MySQL – SELECT
 Common SQL Statement: SELECT
SELECT uid,username
FROM oscarpool
 Selects the attributes ‘uid’ and ‘username’ from every
record in ‘oscarpool’
 SELECT is how you query the database. You can also:
 limit the number of records returned with LIMIT,
 limit retrieval to those records that match a condition
with WHERE,
 sort the data after the query has been evaluated using
ORDER BY
 Tip: To easily select every attribute replace ‘uid’ with ‘*’

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 MySQL – UPDATE
 Common SQL Statement: UPDATE

UPDATE oscarpool
SET email = ‘david.olsen@mail.wvu.edu’
WHERE uid = 1

 Updates the email address where ‘uid = 1’ in the table

‘oscarpool’
 In this case I know that uid 1 is what my record was. In
many cases you’d pass a uid variable from a form.

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 MySQL – DELETE
 Common SQL Statement: DELETE

DELETE FROM oscarpool

WHERE uid = 1

 Deletes the record where ‘uid = 1’ in the table ‘oscarpool’

 DELETE only removes the record from the table. To remove
an entire table from the database you need to use the SQL
statement DROP.
 Tip: To remove every record in a table but not remove the
table just don’t include the WHERE clause.

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 MySQL – JOIN
SELECT bd.name
FROM oscarpool op, bestdirector bd
WHERE op.uid = 1 and
op.bestdirector = bd.bdid

 Selects the name of the Best Director that the user

with ‘uid = 1’ has chosen
 bestdirector is a Foreign Key of the Primary Key for
the table BestDirector

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 MySQL – ERD
 Entity-Relationship (ER) Modeling
 ER Modeling is the simple and clear method of expressing the
design (relations) of a database between tables and attributes.
 Rectangles – Represent entities.
 Diamonds – Represent relationships
 between entities
 Ellipses – Represent attributes that
 describe an entity
 Lines – Connect entities to relationships.
 Can have annotation.
 M = many, 1 = one.
 Lines – Connects entities to attributes. No annotation.
 Entity = Table, Attributes = Attributes

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 MySQL – DB Access
<html>
<body>
<h1>A List of Users Who Have Signed Up For OscarPool</h1>
<?
$dbh = mysql_connect("localhost","root","")
or die("Couldn't connect to database.");
$db = mysql_select_db("test", $dbh)
or die("Couldn't select database.");
$sql = "SELECT username, email FROM oscarpool";
$result = mysql_query($sql, $dbh)
or die("Something is wrong with your SQL statement.");

while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {

$username = $row['username'];
$email = $row['email'];
echo '<a
href="mailto:'.$email.'">'.$username.'</a><br />\n';
}
?> Save it as data.php
</body>
</html>
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 Sample Projects
• A DB Driven Bulletin Board
•A XML Driven Bulletin Board
•A Bulletin Board with Text File as storage
DB Driven Solutions:
Front End Design:
Forms (Validation) , Web Page Layout
Techs: JavaScripts, Html Tags,
Back End Design
RDBMS: E.g. MySQL, MSSQL, Oracle
PHP Scripts
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 Database Design for BBS
A Simple Solution:

 Users Table:
Attr: UserID, Password, First Name, Last Name, Email, Addr,
Phone….
 Topics Table:
Attr: TopicID, PostedTime, UserID, TopicSubject, TopicBody….
 Replies Table:
Attr: ReplyID, PostedTime, TopicID, UserID, ReplySubject,
ReplyBody…
…………………….

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 Basic Use Cases for BBS
Basic Use Cases:
1. User Registers in the bulletin board
(Generated UserID and Password) ….Create SQL Users table

2. A user updates his info

(Change password, personal Info etc..)….. Update SQL Uers Table

3. User posts a topic Create SQL, Topics Table

( Generated TopicID and …..

4 . User posts a reply to a topic Create SQL, Replies Table

( Generated RepliesID and …..)
……………

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 Thinking about BBS
1. If a user was authenticated to post a message in name of his userID? How to create a
BBS Administrator?
(DB Driven Authentication)

2. How to implement that a user just logs on successfully from the entrance
page for one-time and the other web pages remember that the user is an
authenticated user without asking the user to do authentication again?
(Session)

3. How to let the browser to remember a userID in the log in Form always?
(Cookie)

4. How to implement to sort the bulletin board?

(Select SQL with some constraints)

5. How to do form validations, from Client Side or Server Side? Pros and cons?
Client Scripts Vs. Server Side Scripts

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 PHP References
•www.php.net <-- php home page
•http://www.phpbuilder.com/
•http://www.devshed.com/
•http://www.phpmyadmin.net/
•http://www.hotscripts.com/PHP/
•http://geocities.com/stuprojects/ChatroomDescription.htm
•http://www.academic.marist.edu/~kbhkj/chatroom/chatroom.htm
•http://www.aspfree.com/c/a/ASP-Code/Free-ASP-Based-Chat-Program/
•http://www.aus-etrade.com/Scripts/php.php
•http://www.codeproject.com/asp/CDIChatSubmit.asp
•www.php.net/downloads <-- php downlad page
•http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.windows.php <-- php
instllation manual
•http://php.resourceindex.com/ <-- PHP resources like sample
programs, text book referencs, etc.
•http://www.daniweb.com/techtalkforums/forum17.html  php
forums
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