METABOLISM

METABOLISM
 Refersto the entire network of chemical processes involved
in maintaining life.

Energy metabolism
 The ways that body obtains and spends energy from food.
 Types of metabolism

ANABOLISM
• THE BUILDING OF COMPOUNDS FROM SMALL MOLECULES INTO
LARGER ONE. ENERGY IS USED FOR THIS PROCESS TO TAKE PLACE.
CATABOLISM
• THE BREAKDOWN OF MOLECULES INTO SMALLER UNIT. ENERGY IS
RELEASED IN THIS PROCESS
- EX. GLUCOSE CATABOLISM RESULT IN THE RELEASE OF CARBON
DIOXIDE AND WATER
 ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

 The main energy source of cells.

 Used for muscular contractions, enzyme activity etc.
 Catabolism result in the production of many ATP molecules; energy
 Use by the body when energy is needed.
 Hydrolysis breaks the bonds in ATP, thus releasing energy.
Metabolic efficiency

 Foodenergy is converted into atp with

approximately 50% efficiency
 The other 50% is released as heat
 Helpers in reactions

Enzymes
 Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed
in the process; protein catalysts.
Coenzymes
 Assist enzymes in their activities.
 Breakdown of nutrients for energy

1. Glucose breakdown
- Glycolysis: A reaction in which glucose is degraded to pyruvate; net profit: 2 atp. An
anaerobic pathway.
2. Glycerol and fatty acid breakdown
- TRIGLYCERIDES ARE BROKEN INTO: GLYCEROL AND FATTY ACIDS
(LIPOLYSIS).
3. Amino acid breakdown
- Deamination is the process by which amino acids are broken down if there is an excess of
protein intake.