Reporter: Ma. Joane T.

Olino

Metabolism – refers to all the chemical reactions occurring within a cell.

Metabolic reaction – chemical reactions

Metabolite –is an any molecule that is nutrient as end product in a metabolic reactions

3 main Purpose of Metabolism

 Conversion of food/fuel to energy to run a cellular process

 Conversion of food/fuel to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and some
carbohydrate
 Elimination of nitrogenous wastes

2 Categories of Metabolism

 Catabolism – refers to all catabolic reactions that are occurring in a cell

 Anabolism – is the set of constructive metabolic process where the energy released by
catabolism is use to synthesis complex molecules

Differences between Catabolic & Anabolic Reactions

Catabolism
1.All the catabolic reactions in the cell
2.Catabolic Reactions involves the breaking of
bonds; whenever chemical bonds are broken
energy in release
3.catabolic reactions release energy
4.Larger molecules are broken-down into
smaller molecules (sometimes referred to as
degenerative reactions)
Anabolism
1.all the anabolic reactions occur in the cell
2.anabolic reactions involve the creation of
bonds; it takes energy to create chemical bonds
3.anabolic reactions require energy
4.Smaller molecules are bonded together to
create larger molecules (sometimes referred to
as biosynthesis reactions)

In Catabolism ….The complete catabolism of glucose by the process known as aerobic respiration
occurs in 3 phases GLYCOLYSIS, KREB CYCLE & ELECTRON TRANSPPORT CHAIN

 GLYCOLYSIS – also known as glycolytic pathway

 It is the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate (as glucose) by way of phosphate
derivatives with production of pyruvic or lactic acid and energy stored in high energy
phosphate bonds of ATP
 KREBS CYCLE – a sequence of reactions in the living organism in which oxidation of acetic
acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds (as in ATP) also
called citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle

 ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN –

 Consist of a series of oxidation – reduction reaction
 Whereby energy released as electrons is transferred from one compound to another
 These compounds include flavoproteins, quinones, nonheme iron proteins, cytochromes
 Oxygen is at the end of the chain it is referred to as the final or terminal electron acceptor.
In Anabolism
Biosynthesis of Organic Compounds

 The biosynthesis of organic compounds requires energy and may occur through either
PHOTOSYNTHESIS (Biosynthesis using the light) or CHEMOSYNTHESIS (Biosynthesis using
the Chemical Energy)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

 light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of chemical bonds

 Phototrophs that use CO2 as their carbon source called photo authotrophs ex. Algae,
plants, cyanobacteria and certain other photosynthetic bacteria
 Phototrophs that use small organic molecules such as acids and alcohol to build organic
molecules are called photoheterotrophs
 Goal – is to trap the radiant energy of light and convert it into chemical bond energy in ATP
molecules which can then be converted into more ATP molecules at a latter time through
aerobic respirations
CHEMOSYNTHESIS
 Involves a chemical source of energy and raw materials for synthesis of the metabolites and
macromolecules required for growth and function of the organisms
 Chemotrophs that use CO2 as their carbon source are called chemoautotrophs
 Examples of chemoautotrophs are a few primitive types of bacteria