PEDIATRICS FINAL EXAM

REVIEW
TOPICS FOR FURTHER REVIEW…

• Relationship between illness in Type 1 diabetic and need for increased

insulin
• Understanding the importance of patient urinating prior to giving potassium
A PATIENT IS ADMITTED TO THE PEDIATRIC UNIT WITH
SUSPECTED RHEUMATIC FEVER. WHEN OBTAINING THE
CHILD’S HISTORY, THE NURSE CONSIDERS WHICH
INFORMATION TO BE MOST IMPORTANT?
A. History of three-day fever
B. Lack of interest in food
C. A recent episode of pharyngitis
D. Vomiting for 2 days
A PATIENT IS ADMITTED TO THE PEDIATRIC UNIT WITH
SUSPECTED RHEUMATIC FEVER. WHEN OBTAINING THE
CHILD’S HISTORY, THE NURSE CONSIDERS WHICH
INFORMATION TO BE MOST IMPORTANT?
A. History of three-day fever
B. Lack of interest in food
C. A recent episode of pharyngitis
D. Vomiting for 2 days
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS WOULD THE
NURSE WOULD EXPECT TO SEE IN A TEENAGE PATIENT
WITH OSTEOMYELITIS? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Fever
B. Leukocytosis
C. Pallor
D. Tenderness
E. Swelling
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS WOULD THE
NURSE WOULD EXPECT TO SEE IN A TEENAGE PATIENT
WITH OSTEOMYELITIS? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Fever
B. Leukocytosis
C. Pallor
D. Tenderness
E. Swelling
THE NURSE IS ASSESSING INFANTILE REFLEXES IN A 9-
MONTH-OLD BABY; WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD
BE IDENTIFIED AS NORMAL?

A. Persistent rooting
B. Bilateral parachute
C. Moro reflex
D. Unilateral grasp
THE NURSE IS ASSESSING INFANTILE REFLEXES IN A 9-
MONTH-OLD BABY; WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD
BE IDENTIFIED AS NORMAL?

A. Persistent rooting
B. Bilateral parachute
C. Moro reflex
D. Unilateral grasp
THE NURSE IS AWARE THAT THE MOST COMMON
ASSESSMENT FINDING IN A CHILD WITH ULCERATIVE
COLITIS IS:

A. Intense abdominal cramps

B. Profuse diarrhea
C. Anal fissures
D. Abdominal distention
THE NURSE IS AWARE THAT THE MOST COMMON
ASSESSMENT FINDING IN A CHILD WITH ULCERATIVE
COLITIS IS:

A. Intense abdominal cramps

B. Profuse diarrhea
C. Anal fissures
D. Abdominal distention
A 5-YEAR-OLD GIRL WAS RECENTLY DIAGNOSED WITH
KAWASAKI DISEASE. APART FROM THE IDENTIFIED
SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE, SHE MAY ALSO LIKELY
DEVELOP WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
A. Sepsis
B. Meningitis
C. Mitral Value Disease
D. Aneurysm formation
A 5-YEAR-OLD GIRL WAS RECENTLY DIAGNOSED WITH
KAWASAKI DISEASE. APART FROM THE IDENTIFIED
SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE, SHE MAY ALSO LIKELY
DEVELOP WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
A. Sepsis
B. Meningitis
C. Mitral Value Disease
D. Aneurysm formation
WHEN EDUCATING PARENTS REGARDING KNOWN
ANTECEDENT INFECTIONS IN ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS,
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SHOULD THE NURSE COVER?

A. Scabies
B. Impetigo
C. Herpes simplex
D. Varicella
WHEN EDUCATING PARENTS REGARDING KNOWN
ANTECEDENT INFECTIONS IN ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS,
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SHOULD THE NURSE COVER?

A. Scabies
B. Impetigo
C. Herpes simplex
D. Varicella
WHEN CREATING A TEACHING PROGRAM FOR THE PARENTS OF
A CHILD DIAGNOSED WITH PULMONIC/PULMONARY STENOSIS
(PS), THE NURSE WOULD KEEP IN MIND THAT THIS DISORDER
INVOLVES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. A single vessel arising from both ventricles

B. Obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle
C. Obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle
D. Return of blood to the heart without entry to the left atrium
WHEN CREATING A TEACHING PROGRAM FOR THE PARENTS OF
A CHILD DIAGNOSED WITH PULMONIC/PULMONARY STENOSIS
(PS), THE NURSE WOULD KEEP IN MIND THAT THIS DISORDER
INVOLVES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. A single vessel arising from both ventricles

B. Obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle
C. Obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle
D. Return of blood to the heart without entry to the left atrium
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD THE NURSE SUPPOSE TO
REGARD AS A CARDINAL MANIFESTATION OR SYMPTOM OF
DIGOXIN TOXICITY TO A PATIENT DIAGNOSED WITH HEART
FAILURE?
A. Headache
B. Respiratory distress
C. Extreme bradycardia
D. Constipation
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD THE NURSE SUPPOSE TO
REGARD AS A CARDINAL MANIFESTATION OR SYMPTOM OF
DIGOXIN TOXICITY TO A PATIENT DIAGNOSED WITH HEART
FAILURE?
A. Headache
B. Respiratory distress
C. Extreme bradycardia
D. Constipation
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDERS LEADS TO
CYANOSIS FROM DEOXYGENATED BLOOD ENTERING
THE SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL CIRCULATION?

A. Aortic stenosis (AS)

B. Coarctation of aorta
C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
D. Tetralogy of Fallot
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DISORDERS LEADS TO
CYANOSIS FROM DEOXYGENATED BLOOD ENTERING
THE SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL CIRCULATION?

A. Aortic stenosis (AS)

B. Coarctation of aorta
C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
D. Tetralogy of Fallot
A CHILD FAILED TO PASS MECONIUM WITHIN THE FIRST
24 HOURS AFTER BIRTH; THIS MAY INDICATE WHICH OF
THE FOLLOWING? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

A. Cystic Fibrosis
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Intussusception
D. Celiac Disease
E. Hirschsprung's disease
A CHILD FAILED TO PASS MECONIUM WITHIN THE FIRST
24 HOURS AFTER BIRTH; THIS MAY INDICATE WHICH OF
THE FOLLOWING? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

A. Cystic Fibrosis
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Intussusception
D. Celiac Disease
E. Hirschsprung's disease
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF A SEX
CHROMOSOME ANEUPLOIDY? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Trisomy 21
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Cystic Fibrosis
D. Turner Syndrome
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF A SEX
CHROMOSOME ANEUPLOIDY? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Trisomy 21
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Cystic Fibrosis
D. Turner Syndrome
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANISMS IS
THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF URINARY TRACT
INFECTION (UTI) IN CHILDREN?

A. Klebsiella
B. Staphylococcus
C. Escherichia coli
D. Pseudomonas
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANISMS IS
THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF URINARY TRACT
INFECTION (UTI) IN CHILDREN?

A. Klebsiella
B. Staphylococcus
C. Escherichia coli
D. Pseudomonas
IN WHICH CONDITION IS GOWER’S SIGN SEEN?

A. Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

B. Cerebral Palsy
C. Epilepsy
D. Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH)
IN WHICH CONDITION IS GOWER’S SIGN SEEN?

A. Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

B. Cerebral Palsy
C. Epilepsy
D. Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH)
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS MADE BY A
PARENT OF A 4-MONTH-OLD WOULD INDICATE THAT THE
CHILD MAY HAVE CEREBRAL PALSY?

A. "He holds his left leg so stiff that I have a hard time putting on his
diapers.”
B. "My baby won't lift his head up and look at me; he's so floppy.”
C. "My baby's left hip tilts when I pull him to standing position.”
D. "I'm very worried because my baby has not rolled all the way over yet."
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS MADE BY A
PARENT OF A 4-MONTH-OLD WOULD INDICATE THAT THE
CHILD MAY HAVE CEREBRAL PALSY?

A. "He holds his left leg so stiff that I have a hard time putting on his
diapers.”
B. "My baby won't lift his head up and look at me; he's so floppy.”
C. "My baby's left hip tilts when I pull him to standing position.”
D. "I'm very worried because my baby has not rolled all the way over yet."
THE NURSE IS EVALUATING A CLIENT’S FLUID INTAKE
AND OUTPUT RECORD. FLUID INTAKE AND URINE
OUTPUT SHOULD RELATE IN WHICH WAY?

A. Fluid intake should double the urine output

B. Fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output
C. Fluid intake should be half the urine output
D. Fluid intake should be inversely proportional to the urine output
THE NURSE IS EVALUATING A CLIENT’S FLUID INTAKE
AND OUTPUT RECORD. FLUID INTAKE AND URINE
OUTPUT SHOULD RELATE IN WHICH WAY?

A. Fluid intake should double the urine output

B. Fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output
C. Fluid intake should be half the urine output
D. Fluid intake should be inversely proportional to the urine output
IN CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE
(SCD), TISSUE DAMAGE RESULTS FROM WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING?

A. Air hunger and respiratory alkalosis due to deoxygenated red blood cells.
B. Hypersensitivity of the central nervous system (CNS) due to elevated
serum bilirubin levels
C. A general inflammatory response due to an autoimmune reaction from
hypoxia
D. Local tissue damage with ischemia and necrosis due to obstructed
circulation
IN CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE
(SCD), TISSUE DAMAGE RESULTS FROM WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING?

A. Air hunger and respiratory alkalosis due to deoxygenated red blood cells.
B. Hypersensitivity of the central nervous system (CNS) due to elevated
serum bilirubin levels
C. A general inflammatory response due to an autoimmune reaction from
hypoxia
D. Local tissue damage with ischemia and necrosis due to obstructed
circulation
A NURSE IN INSTRUCTED TO GIVE IV POTASSIUM FOR A
CHILD IN DKA. WHAT SHOULD THE NURSE CHECK BEFORE
GIVING THE MEDICATION? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Urine Output
B. CBC
C. Weight
D. Blood pressure
E. Route of Administration
A NURSE IN INSTRUCTED TO GIVE IV POTASSIUM FOR A
CHILD IN DKA. WHAT SHOULD THE NURSE CHECK BEFORE
GIVING THE MEDICATION? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Urine Output
B. CBC
C. Weight
D. Blood pressure
E. Route of Administration
AN INFANT WITH A PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IS
ADMITTED TO THE PEDIATRIC UNIT WARD. THE NURSE
ANTICIPATES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEDICATIONS WILL
BE GIVEN TO THE INFANT?
A. Prednisone
B. NSAID (Indomethacin)
C. Penicillin
D. Albuterol
AN INFANT WITH A PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IS
ADMITTED TO THE PEDIATRIC UNIT WARD. THE NURSE
ANTICIPATES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEDICATIONS WILL
BE GIVEN TO THE INFANT?
A. Prednisone
B. NSAID (Indomethacin)
C. Penicillin
D. Albuterol
THE NURSE IS CARING FOR A CHILD WITH KAWASAKI
DISEASE, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEDICATIONS
WOULD THEY EXPECT TO ADMINISTER

A. Acetaminophen
B. Prednisone
C. Albuterol
D. Aspirin
THE NURSE IS CARING FOR A CHILD WITH KAWASAKI
DISEASE, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEDICATIONS
WOULD THEY EXPECT TO ADMINISTER

A. Acetaminophen
B. Prednisone
C. Albuterol
D. Aspirin
THE NURSE IS CARING FOR A 14-YEAR-OLD ADOLESCENT WITH CROHN’S DISEASE.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS SHOULD THE NURSE EXPECT TO COMPLETE
RELATED TO THE COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CROHN’S DISEASE? (SELECT
ALL THAT APPLY).

A. Monitor the patient’s height

B. Obtain blood for hemoglobin level
C. Obtain a blood glucose
D. Monitor the patient for signs of infection
E. Monitor the patient’s weight
THE NURSE IS CARING FOR A 14-YEAR-OLD ADOLESCENT WITH CROHN’S DISEASE.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS SHOULD THE NURSE EXPECT TO COMPLETE
RELATED TO THE COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CROHN’S DISEASE? (SELECT
ALL THAT APPLY).

A. Monitor the patient’s height

B. Obtain blood for hemoglobin level
C. Obtain a blood glucose
D. Monitor the patient for signs of infection
E. Monitor the patient’s weight
A NURSE IS TEACHING A PARENT WHOSE CHILD HAS A LIQUID
IRON PRESCRIPTION. WHICH STATEMENT INDICATES
UNDERSTANDING?

A. I should mix the iron with formula to improve taste

B. My child should avoid eating citrus fruits while taking supplements
C. I should give the iron with milk to prevent an upset stomach
D. My child should take the supplement through a straw
A NURSE IS TEACHING A PARENT WHOSE CHILD HAS A LIQUID
IRON PRESCRIPTION. WHICH STATEMENT INDICATES
UNDERSTANDING?

A. I should mix the iron with formula to improve taste

B. My child should avoid eating citrus fruits while taking supplements
C. I should give the iron with milk to prevent an upset stomach
D. My child should take the supplement through a straw
TRUE/FALSE: THE EFFECT OF ILLNESS ON CHILDREN WITH
TYPE 1 DIABETES RESULTS IN AN INCREASE IN BLOOD
GLUCOSE LEVELS.

• True
• False
TRUE/FALSE: THE EFFECT OF ILLNESS ON CHILDREN WITH
TYPE 1 DIABETES RESULTS IN AN INCREASE IN BLOOD
GLUCOSE LEVELS.

• True
• False
AT WHAT AGE WOULD THE NURSE EXPECT A
CHILD TO HAVE MASTERED THE NEAT PINCER
GRASP?
A. 10 months
B. 7 months
C. 5 months
D. 3 months
AT WHAT AGE WOULD THE NURSE EXPECT A
CHILD TO HAVE MASTERED THE NEAT PINCER
GRASP?
A. 10 months
B. 7 months
C. 5 months
D. 3 months
A CHILD WITH DOWN SYNDROME WANTS TO JOIN A SOCCER TEAM WHEN
HE IS 4 YEARS OLD. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS SHOULD
THE NURSE INCLUDE IN EDUCATION ABOUT PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS?

A. Prior to beginning sports, he needs to get a cervical spine x-ray to check for
atlantoaxial instability
B. He should not participant in sports due to the risk of musculoskeletal injuries
C. It is best to but him on a soccer team with children younger than him due to his
developmental delays
D. He should only participate in sports if his hearing is normal.
A CHILD WITH DOWN SYNDROME WANTS TO JOIN A SOCCER TEAM WHEN
HE IS 4 YEARS OLD. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS SHOULD
THE NURSE INCLUDE IN EDUCATION ABOUT PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS?

A. Prior to beginning sports, he needs to get a cervical spine x-ray to check for
atlantoaxial instability
B. He should not participant in sports due to the risk of musculoskeletal injuries
C. It is best to but him on a soccer team with children younger than him due to his
developmental delays
D. He should only participate in sports if his hearing is normal.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD THE
NURSE EXPECT TO SEE ON LABORATORY
FINDINGS IN A CHILD WITH NHL?
A. Reed-Sternberg Cells
B. Low WBC
C. High RBC
D. Normal platelets
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD THE
NURSE EXPECT TO SEE ON LABORATORY
FINDINGS IN A CHILD WITH NHL?
A. Reed-Sternberg Cells
B. Low WBC
C. High RBC
D. Normal platelets
ASSESSMENT OF A CHILD REVEALS LANGUAGE DELAYS AS WELL
AS FAILURE OF THE CHILD TO INTERACT WELL WITH OTHER
CHILDREN. THE CHILD TENDS TO ENGAGE IN REPETITIVE
BEHAVIORS SUCH AS ARRANGING AND REARRANGING TOYS.
BASED ON THIS ASSESSMENT, THE NURSE WOULD SUSPECT
WHICH DISORDER?
A. Tourette syndrome
B. Autism spectrum disorder
C. Cognitive impairment
D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ASSESSMENT OF A CHILD REVEALS LANGUAGE DELAYS AS WELL
AS FAILURE OF THE CHILD TO INTERACT WELL WITH OTHER
CHILDREN. THE CHILD TENDS TO ENGAGE IN REPETITIVE
BEHAVIORS SUCH AS ARRANGING AND REARRANGING TOYS.
BASED ON THIS ASSESSMENT, THE NURSE WOULD SUSPECT
WHICH DISORDER?
A. Tourette syndrome
B. Autism spectrum disorder
C. Cognitive impairment
D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
A HOSPITALIZED CHILD WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IS
RECEIVING PREDNISONE AND CYTOXAN. WHAT NURSING
GOAL IS MOST APPROPRIATE FOR THIS CHILD?

A. Stimulate appetite
B. Minimize risk of infection
C. Promote adherence to the antibiotic regimen
D. Restrict water intake
A HOSPITALIZED CHILD WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IS
RECEIVING PREDNISONE AND CYTOXAN. WHAT NURSING
GOAL IS MOST APPROPRIATE FOR THIS CHILD?

A. Stimulate appetite
B. Minimize risk of infection
C. Promote adherence to the antibiotic regimen
D. Restrict water intake