"Developing

Critical
Thinking
through
Multimedia
Projects"
An overview of the
reasons, theoretical
framework and an example
Contents
1. Knowledge Economy
2. Importance of Critical Thinking
3. Multimedia and ICT tools
4. The socio-constructivism theory of learning &
project work
5. Bloom’s Taxonomy to implement
6. Example of a project
1. Knowledge Based
Economies
•“An expression coined to describe trends
in advanced economies towards greater
dependence on knowledge, information
and high skill levels, and the increasing
need for ready access to all of these by the
business and public sectors.” (Source:
OECD 2008).
1. Knowledge Based
Economies→ Education?

“All educators want to help their students

succeed in life. What was considered a
good education 50 years ago, however, is
no longer enough for success in college,
career, and citizenship in the 21st
century.”
http://www.nea.org/tools/52217.htm
 Informati
on Media
21 st &
Technolog
Century y Skills
Skills Creativit Critical
y Thinking
“An overarching
concept for the
knowledge, skills
and attitudes
citizens need to be Commu Collabor
able to fully
participate in and
nication ation
contribute to the
knowledge
 2. Critical Thinking
“We understand critical thinking to be purposeful,
self-regulatory judgment which results in
interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as
well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual,
methodological, criteriological, or contextual
considerations upon which that judgment is based. CT
is essential as a tool of inquiry. As such, CT is a
liberating force in education and a powerful resource
in one's personal and civic life.” Facione (1990)
 SE G
Cognitiv

RE ON
A

LF UL
T

TI
R E

- A
P
ER
e skills of EX P L A N
SK T
IN ON
TI

Critical
ATI
ON

Thinking
IL ANALYSIS

LS
O
EV N

IN
AL

E
F
U

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AT

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C
6 keys to
Critical
Thinking
3. Multimedia & ICT tools
3. Multimedia & ICT
tools
“Media—a means of representing, presenting,
disseminating, and storing information in a variety of
formats, some of which may be digital.”
“Multimodal resources—resources that exist in
multiple formats and modalities including text,
audio, video, animations, graphics, simulations,
and virtual and augmented realities; also known as
multimedia resources...”
(Huang, Spector, & Yang, 2019, page 7)
3. Multimedia & ICT
tools
ICT “Information and communication technologies (ICT) is defined
as a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to
transmit, store, create, share or exchange information. These
technological tools and resources include computers, the Internet
(websites, blogs and emails), live broadcasting technologies (radio,
television and webcasting), recorded broadcasting technologies
(podcasting, audio and video players, and storage devices) and
telephony (fixed or mobile, satellite, visio/video-conferencing, etc.)
(UIS, 2009: 120).
UIS. Guide to measuring information and communication technologies (ICT) in education.
Montreal: UIS, 2009.
3.
Multimedia
& ICT tools
4. Socio-constructivism &
project work

“cognition and learning are understood as

interactions between the individual and a
situation; knowledge is considered as situated
and is a product of the activity, context and
culture in which it is formed and utilized. This
gave way to a new metaphor for learning as
‘participation’ and ‘social negotiation’.”
(IBE-UNESCO 2012)
4. Socio-constructivism &
project work

“Project-based learning is a pedagogical approach that

encourages active learning within the constraints set
by the teacher. Within this framework, students pursue
solutions to non-trivial problems by asking and
refining questions, debating ideas, making predictions,
designing plans and/or experiments, collecting and
analyzing data, drawing conclusions, communicating
their ideas and findings to others, asking new questions,
and creating artifacts.” (Huang, Spector, & Yang, 2019, page 56)
 Active
learni
ng Proble
Creat m
ing solvin
g
4. Socio-
constructivism & Plann
Askin
g
ing questi
project work ons
Collec
ting & Debati
analyz ng
ing ideas
data
5. Bloom’s Taxonomy
In 1956s a group of educators published a classification system
of educational goals and objectives, commonly referred to
as Bloom’s Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain (Bloom et al.,
1956).
In 2001 Anderson and Krathwohl published a revised
version that reflected what had been learned in the forty or so
years since it was first published. The changes reflect more
outcome-focused modern education objectives and include
switching the names of the levels from nouns to active verbs.
The two highest levels changed and the top level was now
‘create’.
6. Example of Project Work

https://view.genial.ly/5e7c5fbc39cc270e
3c1e92f6/vertical-infographic-vlog-proje
ct-covid-19-and-i
References
• Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment
& Instruction: The Delphi Report. California:California Academic Press. In Elen, J., Jiang, L., Huyghe, S., Evers,
M., Verburgh, A., … Palaigeorgiou, G. (2019). In Promoting Critical Thinking in European Higher Education
Institutions: towards an educational protocol. C. Dominguez & R. Payan-Carreira (Eds.). Vila Real: UTAD. (page
18)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332556274_Promoting_Critical_Thinking_in_European_Higher_Educatio
n_Institutions_towards_an_educational_protocol
• International Bureau of Education (IBE), (2012). General Education Quality Analysis/ Diagnosis Framework (GEQAF).
Annexes. Technical Notes. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en/geqaf/annexes/technical-notes/most-influential-theories-learning
• International Bureau of Education (IBE), (2012). General Education Quality Analysis/ Diagnosis Framework (GEQAF).
Glossary of Curriculum Terminology. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en/glossary-curriculum-terminology
• Huang, R., Spector, J. M., & Yang, J. (2019). Educational Technology: A Primer for the 21 st Century In Lecture Notes in
Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6643-7 Singapore: Springer ?
• Churches, Andrew. (2008). Bloom's Digital Taxonomy.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228381038_Bloom's_Digital_Taxonomy
• Writing Course Goals/Learning Outcomes and Learning Objectives • Center for Excellence in Learning and Teaching • Iowa
State University. (2013). Retrieved May 22, 2020, from Iastate.edu website:
https://www.celt.iastate.edu/teaching/preparing-to-teach/tips-on-writing-course-goalslearning-outcomes-and-measureable-learn
ing-objectives/
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