PROPERTIES OF A WELL-WRITTEN

TEXTS
TEXT

• It is a written
material or piece
of writing such as
an article, essay,
book, magazine,
or newspaper.
 PROPERTIES OF A WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT
ORGANIZATION

COHESION

COHERENCE

LANGUAGE USE

MECHANICS
ORGANIZATION
• This is also known as an
arrangement that refers to the
structural framework for writing.
A text is considered organized
when ideas are accurately and
logically arranged with a focus
on the arrangements of ideas,
incidents, evidence, or details
in a definite order in a
paragraph, essay, or speech.
• The logical progression
and completeness of
ideas in a text is an
organization. This
property makes a text
readable and its
message clear.
Organization can be
achieved through the
following techniques:
text structure, signal
words, and physical
format.
Text structure

• It refers to the framework of a

text’s beginning, middle, and
end. Different narrative and
expository genres have
different purposes and
different audiences, so they
require different text
structures. Beginnings and
endings help link the text into
a coherent whole.
EXAMPLE
Signal Words

• These are textual cues that readers use to follow a text. They can
―signal the transition from one point to another, the ordering of events
and concepts, or the writer’s chosen text type.
EXAMPLE
Format

• It is observed in how the text physically appears like headings and

subheadings, bullet points, or font emphasis.
Example
COHERENCE AND COHESION

• When ideas are organized well, a text can achieve coherence and
cohesion.
• Coherence refers to the overall sense of unity in a text. On the other
hand, cohesion is the connection of ideas both at the sentence level
and at the paragraph level. Both should be present to make your text
easier for your readers to follow and understand.
• To achieve coherence and cohesion, one technique is to use signal
devices which that hint readers on how the points in your paragraph
are a progression. This can be shown in the paragraphs using
transitions, repetitions, synonyms, pronouns, and parallel
structures.
Transitions

• These refer to words that connect one idea to another, making the
writer’s ideas flow smoothly.
Repetitions

• These include a word, a phrase, or a full sentence

repeated to highlight its importance in the entire text.
The repetition of the main ideas keeps continuity and
helps the readers remain focused and headed in the
right direction.
• Examples:
1. The president said, “Work, work, and work,” are the keys to success.
2. If you think you can make it, you can make it.
3.Most students are intimated by the works of William Shakespeare. They
believe Shakespeare's sonnets and plays are far too complicated to read
and understand.
Synonyms

• These are words similar in meaning to important words or phrases.

This technique is used if direct repetition is too obvious.

Example:
• Teenagers face an enormous amount of peer pressure from friends.
Hence, many young adults are showing signs of great stress or
depression at an early age
Pronouns

• These are used to connect sentences by referring to

preceding nouns and pronouns. They can also help
create paragraphs readable by removing wordiness
and unnecessary repetition.
`

• Examples:
1.Rodrigo R. Duterte is the 16th President of the Republic of the
Philippines. Moreover, he also served as Davao City’s Mayor for a long
period of time. He is also known by many as a strong leader.
2. Mrs. Gomez approved to have a meeting with the workers’ union
before she signed the contract. She was willing to hear their concerns
about the newly proposed amendments in the company
Parallel Structures

• These include the use of matching words, phrases, clauses,

or sentence structures to express similar ideas. It allows the
reader to understand the connections between ideas and to
flow smoothly from one idea, sentence, or paragraph to the
next.
Example:
• In the conference hall, the students attended a lecture where the
speaker demonstrated how to properly wear a PPE. They also attended
a lecture where their school nurse explained how to keep one’s health
protected from COVID-19.
LANGUAGE USE

• It refers to the appropriateness of word/vocabulary usage. Proper

language use enables you, the writer, to capture the message that you
want to give to your readers. Language use is one of the strongest
indicators of a well-written text because it leads writers to effectively
communicate ideas without confusing the reader.
• Six characteristics of effective language:
1. concrete and specific, not vague and abstract
2. concise, not verbose
3. familiar, not obscure
4. precise, not ambiguous
5. constructive, not destructive
6. appropriately formal
 • Concrete language involves tangible
Concrete and qualities/characteristics and things
we know through our senses.
Specific Specific language designates
particular items or individual cases.
Language Consider the examples below:
 • It involves using the most appropriate terms
to get one’s point across. Concise language
Concise Language means using a minimal amount of effective
terms to convey one’s argument. To make
the sentence more succinct, writers must
avoid unnecessary words in their sentences.
Familiar Language
• It refers to words/ terms that the reader easily recognizes and
understands because they use them regularly. The message
has a greater effect when using vocabulary that is familiar to the
reader.
Precise Language
• Through the use of precise language, vocabulary of specific nouns, and vivid verbs,
you can construct clear mental images and avoid wordiness. Moreover, the use of
concise language, using the fewest possible words without sacrificing meaning,
makes your writing more understandable. Precise writing replaces vague terms for
accurate nouns and active verbs.
Constructive Language
• The use of constructive language expresses a potentially
negative in a positive way, while destructive language leads the
reader to blame and criticism, causing defensiveness.
 • The formality of the language used should conform to
Formality of the formality of the situation and the relationship
between the writer and the reader. Consider the
Language following examples.
MECHANICS

• These are conventions that have to be considered in writing. Spelling,

punctuation, and capitalization are some of the examples. To prevent
confusion, it is necessary to know and follow these conventions in
writing.
Spelling

• When you write, always

make sure that you are
consistently using one
standard regarding the
spelling of your words.
Remember that there are
slight differences in
American English spelling
and British English
spelling.
Punctuation

• It is the act of using a system of symbols used to

provide structure to and organize a text, such as a
comma, period, quotation marks, question marks,
etc. The use of punctuation directs the reader to
interpret the text.
Capitalization

• Capitalization, like punctuation, helps express

details. Any sentence’s first word is capitalized,
signaling that a new sentence has started. To signify
uniqueness, proper nouns are capitalized. However,
using capitalization merely to make a word appear or
sound significant is not right.