Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A publication is a piece of
written, printed, or
electronic content that is
shared with an audience.
Magazines: Periodicals
focusing on specific topics or
audiences (weekly, monthly,
etc.)
Newspapers: Periodicals
publishing news stories on a
regular basis (local, national,
international)
Books: Longer,
comprehensive works
covering a wide range of
topics (fiction & non-fiction)
Encyclopedias: Reference
works providing information
on a vast array of subjects
(general or specific)
Journal
articles: Short, Dissertations & theses:
focused research Long research papers
papers published in written by students for
academic journals doctoral or master's
degrees
Conference
Research reports:
proceedings: Collectio
Formal documents
ns of papers presented
presenting findings
at academic
from a research study
conferences
The Power of Patents
What is a Patent?
Invention
he patent process typically involves these
eps:
• Disclosure (Drawings, Descriptions)
Disclosure preparation: Documenting the invention
n detail (drawings, descriptions)
Application Filing (including
atent application filing: Submitting the application Disclosure & Fees)
o the patent office
Examination by the patent office: Examiners assess • Patent Search (by Patent Office)
he invention for novelty, non-obviousness, and
sefulness
ssuance or rejection of the patent: If all criteria are Examination by Patent Office
met, a patent is granted
atent maintenance fees: Inventors must pay fees to • Patent Issued
maintain their patent rights
• Covered Works:
• Literary works (books, articles, scripts)
• Musical works
Copyright • Dramatic works
is a legal • Artistic works (paintings, photographs, sculptures)
right that • Architectural works
grants the • Software and computer programs
creator of • Rights Granted:
an original • Reproduce the work
work • Prepare derivative works
exclusive • Distribute copies
rights to • Perform the work publicly
its use and • Display the work publicly
distributio • Duration: In most countries, copyright lasts for the
n. life of the author + 50-70 years after their death.
NAAC Criteria 3: Research, Innovations and
Extension:
3.3.1 Number of research papers published per teacher in the Journals notified on UGC
CARE list during the last five years