HUMAN PERSON

IN
SOCIETY
LESSON 7
 SOCIETY- lesson 7
(INTERACTION is the heart of the society.)
 An organized group of PEOPLE whose members interact frequently and have
a common territory and culture.
 Refers also to a companionship of friendly association with others, an alliance,
a community or a union.
 Philosophers consider society as the product of deliberate actions by individuals
who come together in pursuit of a common goal.
 Consider unique among all other groups because of the nature of the human
person that compose it, as well as the relationship among its members.
 SOCIAL SYSTEM- an organized or patterned set of relationships among individual and
groups that compose a society.
 SOCIAL ROLE- actions and behaviors expected of a certain individuals.
 SOCIAL GROUPS or SOCIAL CLASSES- individuals who share similar backgrounds
or perform similar roles.
 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS- certain groups that perform vital function in society.
 Ex. Family. religion, school and government.
 SOCIAL VALUES- actions or ideals that are considered important by society.
 NORMS- set of traits and behavior that society consider acceptable and thus
encouraged and passed on to other members.
 LAWS- more formal and stringent norms establish and define acceptable behavior of
citizen.
 FOLKWAYS- less formal norms that arise from tradition and do not result in
punishment when violated.
 SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
 SOCIAL CONTRACT- an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and
submit to a higher authority.
 In this way society is a able to function and meet he needs of the many, ensuring the survival of humanity.
 Consent of the Government- considered person in their natural state as more cooperative and
reasonable, and that society is formed through the consent of the individuals that organized it.
 Covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of the society.
 GENERAL WILL- The government is able to impose its will on the people.
 The people have empowered the government to act on their behalf, and that it is considered to be best
judge of what is most beneficial for society.
 COMMON GOOD- refers to the social conditions which enable persons and groups to fulfill their goals
and achieve well- being.
 FORMS OF SOCIETY
 HUNTING AND GATHERING –
 this is recognized as the earliest and simplest form of society. It is generally characterized by
its small size and composed mainly of families.
 They are nomadic because they spend most of their time searching for food and no
permanent territory.
 Roles of its member and division of labor is not clear.
 PASTORAL SOCIETY-
 this type of society is characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more
stable predictable food supply.
 Pastoral communities have larger populations that hunting and gathering societies and
remain longer in one place.
 Pastoral communities often produce surplus food and resources, which they trade with other
societies.
  HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

 Primarily engages in the small scale cultivation of plants, fruits and vegetables and the
domestication of animals.
 Semi- nomadic, which means that they travel to another place when they have already
depleted the resources in one area.
 Society roles and responsibilities are more clearly defined with many tasks assigned
according to gender.
 Similar to the pastoral society, there is also a surplus of goods, which sometimes leads to
inequalities among its members.
 The assignment of tasks and occupation were often based on gender, with women doing
mostly domestic work in home, while men engaged in hunting and farming.
 AGRARIAN OR AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY-

 This type of society is a further evolution of the pastoral and horticultural societies.
 This society is characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in
farming.
 Agricultural involves the large-scale and long term cultivation of crops and
domestication of animals.
 The large population of agricultural societies leads to a more structured social system
that helps manage resources and its members.
 The increasingly complex social organization and growing importance of territory often
result in conflicts among neighboring societies over resources and land.
 FEUDAL SOCIETY-
 Society is based on the ownership of land, feudal arose out of development
in western Europe during medieval times,
 Those who own land are considered the most powerful and influential
members of society, while the peasants are considered the lowest group.
 Members of the society are organized based on status.
 The lord depends on is vassals to provide him with resources, the vassals
depend on the peasants for their service, while the peasants depend on their
vassals for protection.
 People who belong to the higher classes are treated with respect by the
members of the community.
 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY-

 society is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services.
 Work is done in factories and public education is more prevalent.
 Industrial societies are often defined by the nature of work and the prevailing industry in an area.
 This society is characterized by cultural diversity and the presence of bureaucratic forms of society.
 Technological advances resulted in improved trade and commerce and better life conditions for
many people.
 Industrial societies is characterized by greater inequalities in wealth, power, and influence.
 The capitalist or business owners are considered the most influential.
 Important factor in social relations is the workplace, and people often interact with individuals who
do not come the same family, clan or community.
 Interpersonal relationships prevail among individuals.
 Alienation is common in the industrial societies, as people are often seen as resources to be
exploited.
  POST- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

 Post – industrial society is marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge,

information and the sale of services.
 Led by the human mind and aided by highly advanced technology, the trend has shift from
industry to the generation , storage, manipulation, and sale of information.
 Information influences the behavior of people and has thus become a very important
commodity in the post- industrial society.
 Members of this society have higher educational attainment, better training and specialized
roles.
 VIRTUAL society , where people organize themselves through communication technology
and internet, s a product of a pot-industrial society.
 Individuals in a virtual society often engage in complex relationships.
 They often have fluid identities and do not necessarily subscribe to certain norms or establish
standards of behavior.
HUMAN PERSONS AS
ORIENTED TOWARD THEIR
IMPENDING DEATH
LESSON 8
 DEATH- is the end of bodily functions which signals the end of a person’s life. Also refers to the separation of
the body and the soul.
 The human person is an embodied spirit or the unity of a body and a spirit.
 The body grows and ides, while the soul continuous to exist even after body has passed.
 while