Two-dimensional analytical solution for multi-segmented

beams and panels with or without piezoelectric segments-An

EKM solution.

AT
iConFIRM-2023, IIT Ropar, December 12-14, 2023
By

Dr. Poonam Kumari

Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
IIT Guwahati

Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India

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O U TL I N E

 Applications
 Mathematical Modelling
 Results
 Conclusion

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 Unimorph and bimorph structure

Source:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?
eid=2-
s2.085035359827&partnerID=40&md5=4a76f578e0c5776e
97f0612ca67685c7
Saleh, B., Jiang, J., Fathi, R., Al-hababi, T., Xu, Q.,
Wang, L., Song, D., and Ma, A., 2020. “30 years of
functionally graded materials: An overview of
manufacturing methods, applications and future
challenges”. Composites Part B: Engineering, 201, p.
108376
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 Motivation
• The modern industries have put forward higher requirements for
new techniques, processes, and structures to meet the
environmental and economic needs.

• E-vehicles and light weight structural parts in automotive and

aerospace industry has led to design and development of new
structures where traditional materials aluminium/steel are joined
with composite laminated materials.

• This approach has led the engineers/researchers to reduce weight

and ultimately save fuel consumption and reduce carbon
footprints.

• It can significantly reduce weight, improve wear resistance and

strength, excellent fatigue properties, low energy consumption, and
the minimum maintenance costs of the structure[2]. 4
 Motivation-3D Modeling
Composites Sandwich  High Specific Strength , High specific
stiffness, Easy Tailorability

The dissimilar materials such as lightweight metals

combined with composite laminated materials have been
extensively used in the aerospace industries.

Major issue of concerns

Due to presence of widely different mechanical, electric

and thermal material properties in adjacent layers
laminated structures and the geometric discontinuity at
the boundaries result in
 Premature failure/delamination,
 Stress concentration near non-simply supported
edges
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 Exact 2D elasticity Solutions for Panels and Beams

 Pioneering Work of Pagano (1970) for 3D Elasticity Solution

 To obtain accurate response of inhomogeneous

structures under various electromechanical loads and
understand the complex multi-field interaction
 To serve as useful benchmarks for assessing the
accuracy of approximate 2D theories and 3D finite
element solutions.

The details of 3D elasticity/piezoelasticity solutions for

plates and. shells can be found in review articles Wu et al.
(2008), Kapuria et al. (2010).

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 Extended Kantorovich Method
 Kantorovich and Krylov (1958):
m m
wm ( x , y )   f n gn ( x , y ) wm ( x , y )   f n ( x ) g n ( y )
n1 n1
Ritz /Galerkin method
Kantorovich Method
Satisfy the essential boundary
conditions (Ritz) and natural Exact solution in x, but depend on
boundary condition (Galerkin) initial guess for y direction

[Y] [X]
 Kerr (1968) : Extended Kantorovich Method
[X] [Y]*
Iterative process is repeated until results converges to
desired degree [Y]* [X]*
Initial functions are not required to satisfy essential /natural Boundary conditions.
Very fast convergence

Extended Kantorovich Method (EKM) has been applied for analysing plates and shells
using single term, single variable; single term, multi variable and multi term, multi
variable for obtaining 2D solutions.
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 Extended Kantorovich Method
Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich The Sveriges Riksbank
Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
1975.
3D state of stress at edges or near edges
Stress concentration near the non simply supported edge
Transverse stresses near free edge causes delamination failure
To assess advanced 2D laminate theories for boundary layer effect

Need for accurate analytical/semi-analytical solutions based on 3D

piezoelasticity/elasticity has been felt for a long time
Mittelstedt and Becker, 2007
Analytical 3D elasticity solution for arbitrary
supports

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Panel Geometry
Geometry of Panel

Assumptions:
Each segment can have different isotropic or orthotropic material
or piezoelectric material.
The segments are perfectly bonded at the interface along x-axis.
Continuity conditions at the interface is satisfied exactly.
Segment length may be or may not be same and for a typical
segment
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 3D constitutive equations
(1)

 Special cases
For pure elastic laminate: dij=0
For beam ey, eyz and exy =0
For cross ply, s16, s23,s36, s45, s54, d14, d25 are zero 10
 Strain – displacement relations
Assuming that the entities are independent of y i.e., generalized plane
strain case of cylindrical bending, the strain displacement and electric
field-potential relations can be simplified as

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 Extended Reissner Principle
 Extended Reissner type mixed variational principle for
piezoelectric medium without body force and charge source

(5)

 Associated variational consistent boundary conditions

(6)

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 Extended Reissner ….
After substitution of Eq (4) in to eq. (5) yields

 Dimensionless coordinates

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Boundary Conditions
 Boundary conditions at top and bottom surface

 Interface continuity conditions

 Boundary conditions at the edges

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EKM
 Unknown to be solved

 The solution of the lth variable of X

Homogeneous Non-homogeneous BC
BC
where

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EKM
 First iteration step (solve for zeta direction)

 Function which satisfy the boundary condition

and interface continuity condition in zeta direction

 Integrating over x direction and considering that the

variations are arbitrary, the coefficients are equated to
zero. The following ODE is obtained

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 Final governing equation

 Complimentary solution

 Eigenvalue problem

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Non zero elements
 Non zero elements of matrices

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EKM
 Second Iteration Step (Solve for x direction)

 First order differential Equation

 Final Form

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EKM
 Initial guess functions

These two iteration steps of alternating directions for approximate

and analytical solutions are repeated until a prescribed level of
convergence is achieved

All integrations are computed exactly in close form

In some cases, large positive eigen values occur, whose

exponentials, being very large, often cause numerical instability
to the solution
To prevent this, for positive eigenvalues, the exponential term
is replaced with which limits the maximum value of the
exponential to one
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 Results and Discussion

Beam (a)

Beam (b)

Laminated Beam

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Beam (a) Beam (b) 23
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Panel

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Panel (c)
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Panel b

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Panel b

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Panel c

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Final Summary
 An accurate analytical solution of a multi-segmented panel along x-axis is developed
based on elasticity using the extended Kantorovich method.
 The interfaces along x-direction are satisfied exactly.
 Numerical results of the panels under cylindrical bending are presented for the two
segments.
 The FE results are found in good agreement with the EKM results for all the cases.
 There is no much significant effect of “S” is observed for the S-S case, while effects of
the support conditions are clearly visible on the variables.

Future Scope:
The present research can be extended for the bending, buckling and free
vibration analysis of more than two segmented panel with isotopic-orthotropic
materials combination.
Kumar, V., Kumari, P. (2023). Two-dimensional analytical solution for multi-
segmented piezoelectric panel: an EKM approach. Composite Structures,
117461
2D closed form solution for bending of edge bonded dissimilar beams: An application of
EKM, Composite Structures, Volume 289, Year 2022
DOI:10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115420
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 Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the SERB

Women Excellence Award for
supporting this research work under
the project SB/WEA04/2019.
Any Questions ?

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 References
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[8] A. Singh, P. Kumari, and R. Hazarika, “Analytical solution for bending analysis of axially functionally
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Thank You

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