COMMON ACOUSTICAL DIFFECTS :
(D) Echoes –
(A) Reverberation Time –
~If a hall is to be acoustically satisfactory, it is
essential that it should have the right reverberation
time.
~The reverberation time should be neither too long
nor too short, A very short reverberation time
makes a room 'dead' On the other hand, a long
reverberation time renders speech intelligible.
~The optimum value for reverberation time
depends on the purpose for which a hall is
designed.
(B) Loundness –
~Sufficient loudness at every point on the hall is
important factor for satisfactory hearing.
~Excessive absorption in the hall or lack of
reflecting surfaces near the sound source may
lead to decrease in the loudness of the sound.
(C) Focussing –
~Reflecting concave surfaces cause concentration
of reflected sound, creating a sound of larger
intensity at the focal point.
~Such concentrations of sound intensity at some
points lead to deficiency of reflected sound at
other points.
~The spots of sound deficiency are known as
dead spots. The sound intensity will be low at
dead spots and inadequate hearing.
~Further, if they are highly reflecting parallel
surfaces in the hall, the reflected and direct sound
waves may form standing waves which leads to
uneven distribution of sound in the hall.
~When the walls of the hall are parallel hard and separated by about
34m distance, echoes are formed.
~Curved smooth surfaces of walls also produce echoes.
(E) Echelon effect –
~If a hall has a flight of steps, with equal width, the sound waves
reflected from them will consist of echoes with regular phase
differenceThese echoes combine to produce a musical note which
will be heard along with the direct sound.
~This is called echelon effect,it makes the original sound
unintelligible or confusing.
(F) Resonance –
~Sound waves are capable of setting physical vibration in
surrounding objects such as window panes walls enclosed air, etc.
~The vibrating objects in turn produce sound waves the frequency of
the forced vibration may match some frequency of the sound
produced and hence result in resonance phenomenon.
~Due to the resonance certain tones of the original music may get
reinforced that may result in distortion of the original sound.
Sources : https://www.slideshare.net/abhishek201165/acoustic-design-process
https://www.lceted.com/2021/08/acoustics-and-sound-insulation-effects.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KV7TUes1MyE
https://soundcloud.com/ammani/01-the-sound-defects-theme
WHAT IS ACOUSTICS :
USES :
~ "Acoustic" refers to sound or the properties related to
sound. It can refer to the characteristics of a space that
affect how sound behaves within it, or to instruments or ~Lecture halls are dedicated spaces for academic
music that are played without electronic amplification, presentations and discussions in educational institutions and
relying solely on the natural resonance of the conference settings.
instrument or the space. ~They facilitate large-group learning, provide audiovisual
support for presentations, and ensure clear communication
between lecturers and attendees.
There are various types of acoustic
phenomena: TYPES :
~ Acoustic Instruments
~ Acoustic Waves
~ Acoustic Waves
~ Acoustic Ecology
~ Acoustic Communication
~ Acoustic Engineering

LECTURE HALL :

~A lecture hall is a large room or auditorium specifically

designed for lectures, presentations, and academic
discussions.
~It typically features seating arranged in rows facing a
platform or stage where the lecturer stands or presents.
~Lecture halls are commonly found in educational
institutions such as universities, colleges, and schools,
as well as in conference centers and other venues
where educational or informational events take place.
~They are equipped with audiovisual equipment, such
as projectors and screens, to aid in presentations, and
often have good acoustics to ensure that the lecturer's Sources : https://www.slideshare.net/abhishek201165/acoustic-design-process
voice is clearly heard by all attendees. https://www.lceted.com/2021/08/acoustics-and-sound-insulation-effects.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KV7TUes1MyE
https://soundcloud.com/ammani/01-the-sound-defects-theme
CONDITIONS FOR GOOD ACOUSTICS OF A HALL :

~Initial sound from the source should be of adequate intensity so that it can be heard throughout the hall.

~For halls of big size suitable sound amplification system should be installed.

~Sound produced should be evenly spread in the hall so that sound foci & dead spot are avoided.

~Boundary surfaces should be properly designed so that there are no echoes.

~Boundary surfaces should be properly designed so that the desired reverberation time is achieved, and unwanted sound
is absorbed In case of conference halls, the acoustics of the halls should be so designed as to ensure proper conditions
for listening, assuming that a person may speak or listen from anywhere in the hall.

~In case of music halls, treatment should be such that the initial sound reaches the audience with the same intensity &
frequency.

~Outside noise should be properly insulated.

Sources : https://www.slideshare.net/abhishek201165/acoustic-design-process
https://www.lceted.com/2021/08/acoustics-and-sound-insulation-effects.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KV7TUes1MyE
https://soundcloud.com/ammani/01-the-sound-defects-theme