Classification Of

Amino Acid
• Created by :- Roll no. 21 – Karan Bhavani
22 – Darsh Bhila
23 – Rudra Bhosle
24 – Sanjay Bhut
25 – Brinal Bhanushali
Amino Acid Composition Significance in Proteins
• Amino acids consist of an amine • Amino acids are the building
group, carboxyl group, hydrogen blocks of proteins, essential for
atom, and a distinctive R group. various biological processes.
 TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION
• There are mainly 4 method to be used for classify a amino acid :
1. Classification by Structure
2. Classification by Chemical nature ( Polarity )
3. Classification by Nutritional requirement
4. Classification by Metabolic Fat
 1. Classification by Structure
i). Aliphatic side chain :-
ii). Hydroxyl group :-
iii). Sulfur containing amino acid:-
iv). Acidic amino acid :-
v). Basic amino acid :-
vi). Aromatic amino acid :-
vii). Imino acids :-
viii). Heterocyclic amino acid :-
ix). Derived amino aicd :-
i). Aliphatic side chain :-
→This group consists of the most simple amino acid
→ Example:-Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine
(GAVLI)

ii). Hydroxyl group :-

→ This amino acid carry a –OH Group on their side chain.
→ Example:- Serine, Threonine, and Tyrosine
(Set The Tyre) (STY)
iii) Sulfur containing amino acid:-
→ Example:- Cysteine, Methionine and Cystine.
→ This two amino acid contains a Sulphur in their structure.
Cysteine – Sulfhydryl Group
Methionine – Thioether Group

iv) Acidic amino acid :-

→ Example:- Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Asparagine, and Glutamine
→ Aspartic acid and glutamic acid are dicarboxylic monoamino acid
→ Asparagine and Glutamine are their respective derivatives.
v) Basic amino acid :-
→ Example:- Lysine, Arginine, and Histidine .
(HAL)
→ They are highly basic in character .

Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophane

vi) Aromatic amino acid :-
→ Example:- Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan (2TP).
→ Histidine may also be considered under this category.
vii) Imino acids :-
→ Example:- Proline :- pyrrolidine ring α-carbon
2* amino acid
α- imino acid
Proline

viii). Heterocyclic amino acid :-

→Example:- Tryptophan, Proline and Histidine
ix). Derived amino aicd :-
a. Derived amino acid found in proteins:-
→ After the synthesis of protiens, some of amino acids are modifided .
→ Example:- Hydroxy proline, Hydroxy lysine.
b. Derived amino acid not seen in proteins :-
→ Some derived amino acids are seen free in cells.
→ Example:- Ornithine, Citrulline, Homocysteine.
→ These are produced during metabolism of amino acid.
c. Non-alpha amino acid :-
→ Gamma amino butyric acid ( GABA) is derved from glutamic acid.
→ Beta alanine, where amino group is in beta position, is a constituent of
pantothenic acid (Vitamin) and coanzyme A.
 2. Classification by Chemical nature
( Polarity )
→ Amino acid are classified into 4 types based on their polarity.
→ There are mainly two types : Polar amino acid
Non-polar amino acid
Non-polar amino acid
→Hydrophobic amino acid
→They have no charge on ‘R’ group.
→Example:- Alanine, Leucine,
Isoleucine, Valine, Methionine,
Phenylalanine, Tryptophane,
And Proline
(VIP MALT Ph.)
Polar amino acid
→ Hydrophilic amino acid
→ They have charge or not on ‘R’
group.
→ They have further three part by the
charge on R group :
1. Polar with NO charge
2. Polar with +Ve charge
3. Polar with –Ve charge
1. Polar amino acid with no charge on R group:-
→ They carry no charge on ‘R’ Group.
→ They possess groups such as hydroxyl, sulfhydryl and amide and participate
in
H-bonding of protein structure .
→Example:- Glycine, Serine, Threonine, Cystine, Glutamine, Asparagine And
Tyrosine (Some Times cats Try A Growl)

2. Polar amino acid with +Ve charge on R group:-

→ Example:- Lysine, Arginine and Histidine
(HAL)
3. Polar amino acid with –Ve charge on R group :-
→ Example:- aspartic acid and glutamic acid
Aspartic acid Glutamic acid
 3.Classification by Nutritional requirement
→ The all 20 amino acid not need to taken from diet.
→ Based on nutritional requirement, amino acid grouped in
three classes:
a) Essential amino acid
b) Non-essential amino acid
c) Conditionally essential amino acid
a) Essential amino acid :- (indispensable amino acid)
→ This type of amino acid can not be synthesized by our body.
→ amino acid are need to be supplied through diet which are called
Essential amino acid.
→They are require for proper growth and maintenance of the
individual.
→ There are 10 amino acid in this group.
→ Example:- Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Histidine, Arginine,
Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophane.
( VIP HALL MeTT )
 Semi essential amino acid :-
→ Only two amino acid namely Arginine and Histidine are semi-
essential.
→ They can be synthesized by adults and not by growing children.

b) Non-essential amino acid:- (dispensable amino acid)

→ This can synthesized by body to meet biological needs.
→ They need not be consumed in diet .
 → Example:- Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Cystine, Aspartic acid,
Asparagine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Tyrosine
and Proline.
c) Conditionally essential amino acid :- (indispensable)
→ Example:-Arginine, Cystine,Glycine,Glutamine, Proline,Tyrosine.
→ They need to be supplemented in the diet during
pathophysiological conditions. (Surgery, Wound, Sepsis, Thermal
injury)
 4. Classification by Metabolic Fat
→Carbone skeleton of amino acid can serve as a precursors for the
synthesis of Glucose or Fat or both.

A) Glucogenic amino acids :-

→This amino acid can serve for the formation of Glucose or
Glycogen.
→ Example:-Alanine, Aspartate, Glycine, Methionine etc.…
B) Ketogenic amino acid :-
→ Fat can be synthesized from this amino acid.
→ Example:- Leucine and Lysine.

C) Glucogenic and Ketogenic amino acid :-

→ They precursors for synthesis of Glucose as well as Fat.
→ Example:- Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan and
Tyrosine.
 Amino Acid Disorders
Phenylketonuria (PKU) Maple Syrup Urine
Disease (MSUD)
• PKU is an inherited
disorder caused by the • MSUD is a metabolic
inability to metabolize disorder affecting
the amino acid branched-chain amino
phenylalanine, leading to acids, potentially leading
cognitive impairment if to neurological damage if
untreated. not managed.