GENERAL

INFORMATION
 ARTICLE 1 : NATIONAL TERRITORY

The national territory comprises the Philippines archipelago, with all the island and waters
embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippine has sovereignty or
jurisdiction, consisting terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the
seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around between,
and connecting the island archipelago, of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal
waters of the Philippines.
ARTICLE 2 : DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND
STATE POLICIES
• Scetion1 : The Philippines is a democratic and republic state. Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government authority emanates from them.
• Section 2 : The Philippines renounces war as a instruments of national policy, adapt the
generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law land, and adheres the
peace, quality, justice, freedom, cooperations and amity with all nations.
• Section 3 : civilian authority is at all time supreme over the military, the armed forces of
the Philippines is the protector of the people and the state. Its goal is to secure
sovereignty of the state and the integrity of the national territory.
• Section 4 : the prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the people. The
government may call upon the people to defined the state and, in the fulfillment thereof, all
citizens may be required, under condition provided by law, to render personal military or
civil service.
• Section 5: the maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty and property,
and the promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of
the blessings of democracy.
• Section 6:the separation of church and states shall be inviolable

STATES POLICIES
Section 7: the states shall pursue an independent foreign policy. Others states, the paramount
considerations shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest and the right
to self determination
 .

• Section 8: the Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy
of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.
• Section 9: the states shall promote a just and dynamic social order that well insure the
prosperity and independence of nation and free the people from poverty, promote full
employment and an improved quality of life for all.
• section10: the states shall promote social justice in all phases of national development
• Section11: the states values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect
human rights
• Section12: the states recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen
the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the
mother and the life of the unburn from conception
• Section 13: the states recognizes the vital role of the youth and shall promote and protect there
physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social wellbeing
• Section14:the states recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall insure
fundamental equality before the law of women and men.
• Section15: the states shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill
health consciousness among then.
• Section16: the states shall protect and advance the right of the people to balance and helpful
ecology accord rhyme and the nature
• Section 17: priority to education, science and technology and art culture and sport ; to faster
patriotism and nationalism accelerate social progress and promote total human liberation and
development
• section 18 : the state affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the right
of workers and promote their welfare.
• Section 19 : the state shall develop a self- reliant independent national economy effectively
controlled by Filipinos.
• Section 20 ; the state recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector encourages
private enterprises, and provide incentives needed investment.
• Section 21: the state shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.
• Section 22 : the state recognizes and promotes the right of indigenous cultural communities
within the framework of national unity and development.
• Section 23 : the state shall encourage nongovernmental community based or sectoral
organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.
• Section 24 : the state recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation
building.
• Section 25 : the state shall ensure the autonomy of local government.
• Section 26 : the state guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit
political dynasties as may be defined by law.
• Section 27 : the state shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and prohibit
political service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption
• Section 28: subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the state adopts and
implements a policy of full public disclosure of all transactions involving public interest.

The function of the declaration of principles and state policies in the constitution are
1.to shed light on the meaning of the other provisions of the constitution
2.to guide all departments in the implementation of the constitution.
ARTICLE 111-THE BILL OF RIGHTS
The Bill of rights may be defined as a declaration and commendation of the individual rights and privileges
which the constitution is designed to protect against violations by the government or by individual or groups
of individuals it is a charter of liberties for the individual and a limitation upon the power of the state
CLASSIFICATION OF RIGHTS
1. Natural rights – possessed by every citizen without being grated by the state for they are conferred by
god so that human beings may live a fulfilled life. ex. The right to live, the right to love.
2. Constitutional rights – conferred and protected by the constitution. They cannot be modified or taken
away by the law by the law- making body, constitutional rights are classified as follows.
1.1. political rights – clothes the citizens with the power to participate, directly or indirectly.
1.2. civil rights -
3. Statutory Rights – provided by laws promulgated by the law-making body and may be abolished by the
same body.
The Right the of individual as provided under the bill of rights(Article111)
SECTION 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall
any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
SECTION 2. the right of person to be secure in their persons. Houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no
search warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge
after examination under oath or affirmations of the complainants and the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to be search and the persons or thing to be seized.
 ARTICLE IV - CITIZENSHIP
Citizenship – denotes members of a permanent character in a political community. A citizen of a
state is one who owes allegiance to it and is corresponding entitled to its protection.
Method of acquiring citizenship
A person’s citizenship may be acquired either by birth or by naturalization. Those who
acquired citizenship by birth are considered as natural born citizen .
1. Citizenship by birth
A person’s citizenship is determined at the time of his birth by the following either of the
following principles
a. jus sanguinis - a child follows the nationality or citizenship of the parents regardless of the
place of his birth.
b. Jus soli – a child’s citizenship is determined by the place of his birth.