Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MEDICAL LABORATORY
SCIENCES
Anumein M.
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CHAPTER ONE
THE LABORATORY
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Objectives
After completion of this chapter, the student will be
able to:
1. Define laboratory.
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Outlines
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1.1. General overview
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B. District Hospital laboratories (DHL)
Supervising the work of community-based health center
lab.
Testing referred specimens
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D. Central (hospital) and public health
laboratories
• It assists and supervise the DHL
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Summary of laboratory service network
central or
National
laboratories
Reference
• N.B There
diagnostic
Laboratory
hospital,
are also
clinic&
private
regional regional
laboratori laborato
es ries
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1.4 Medical Laboratory and Its Function in a Health
Care System.
Laboratory has an important role in improving the
◦ quality
◦ efficiency
◦ cost effectiveness
◦ planning and management of the health care
system .
They are divided into three :
I. providing quality health care service
II. achieving efficiency and cost effectiveness
in health care system.
III. achieving good health planning and
management 04/26/2024 16
Medical Laboratory and Its Function in …………
A. The role of laboratory in providing quality health
care
1.laboratory investigation increase the accuracy of
disease diagnosis.
Many infectious disease and serious illness can be
diagnosed by using the laboratory.
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Medical Laboratory and Its Function ………..
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Medical Laboratory and Its Function ………
Indications
(importance) of requesting lab
examinations are:
To make a diagnosis of pathogen.
Confirm a clinical impressions
To rule out (R/o)a disease and diagnosis
To provide prognostic information
To provide therapeutic guidance so that:
◦ Drugs can be used more selectively
◦ Patterns of emerging drug resistance can be identified
◦ Side effects and progress are monitored.
◦ To screen for disease.
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1.5: Function & use of different medical laboratory
department/units
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1.6: Role of medical laboratory personnel
Introduction:
Medical laboratory is a health profession its goal is to resolve
patients’ problem presented to the physician by performing
laboratory analysis.
Roles:
1. Diagnosing of diseases
Errors occur when diagnosis of diseases depend on
clinical symptoms alone.
2. Treating of diseases
Antibiotic sensitivity testing
Monitoring of patients response to treatment
3. Screening of diseases
Detection of in apparent infections
4. Control of epidemics
◦ Early detection of pathogens04/26/2024 26
Role of medical laboratory ……..
5. Surveillance & provision of health information
Source identification
Water supply testing
Carrier identification
Risk factor assessment
6. Controlling field trials
◦ New drug/vaccine testing
◦ Vaccine potency test
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Role of medical laboratory ……..
7. Management of finance, equipment and supplies
8. Ensuring a reliable and quality lab practice
Such a comprehensive commitment to quality is
essential to achieve –
best possible service to patients
user confidence
effectiveness and efficiency
accountability
optimal use of recourses
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1.7: Laboratory rules, ethics and policies
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Laboratory policies
Laboratory policies are those decisions which are taken
in consultation with other medical staff to enable a
laboratory to operate reliably and effectively in
harmony with other departments.
These policies usually cover:
A. Laboratory hour and emergency work
B. Range of tests to be performed and those to be
referred to higher level.
◦ Range of tests to be performed depend on
The number of material resources
The availability of material resources
The types of health institution
◦ Referral of specimen
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Laboratory rules….
C. Collection of Specimen
D. Work load capacity of the laboratory
E. Delivery of laboratory reports
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