Part 3 ( Design Criteria and data) Chapter 11

1)Manual tools
-Manual tools are designed to calculate the daylight factor of a defined window scheme. These tools for the earlier phases of
design.( in 1992)

-Some examples of these Manual Tools :

1) Dot diagrams
2) Waldrum diagrams
3) Nomograms
4) Some equations
5) urban analysis methods

-In 1992 only about 15% were concerned with daylighting issues and were able to use design tools in south European.

-And because not all of engineers were interest in daylight issues of the users of simple tools never calculated the internal
reflected component, thus underestimating the daylight in the rooms.
 1)Leso Dial
2)Computer based -The program calculates daylight factors and daylight sufficiency,
analytical tools - The percentage of time when electric lighting can be switched off.
-The program also has a diagnostics feature; it will provide comments on the results an
suggestions for improvement of the analyzed design.
- This feature uses Swiss climatic data
-Then they start using computer
2) Passport Light
programs , these programs used in several
-The program can analyze clear sky, uniform sky and user-defined sky luminance.
European countries, and represent the
-But input is difficult and time consuming.
state of art in their respective group.
-A graphic output for geometry provides an input error check.
( analytical tools )
-This program was developed as part of the European daylighting project.
3) Superlight
-Some examples of these programs are:
-The program handles both daylighting and electrical lighting.
1) Leso Dial
-The program can anaylis light in complex room geometry: Lshaped rooms, interior
2)Passport Light
partitions
3)Superlight
-The program provides output in tabular or graphical form as illumination or daylight
4)Adeline
factor mapping on the room plan.
-Results are available for all room surfaces and user-defined working planes.
-This program was one of the first tools widely available

4) Adeline (Advanced Daylighting and Electric Lighting Integrated New Environment)

- Is a program package that combines daylighting design tools with energy simulation
tools.
-The geometric input to this program package can be done by a special graphical
interface (Scribe modeller). CAD files will also be accepted.
3)Computer based image solution tools
-Then they start using computer programs , these programs used in several European countries, and represent the state of art
in their respective group. ( as images )
-Some examples of these programs are:
1) Radiance
2)Genelux

Radiance
-Is a very accurate program with many powerful application possibilities.
-The program is a complete lighting visual station system, as it provides both numerical results and photo-realistic rendering.
can also model electric lighting.
-The input can be made via a CAD system that provides DXF files, and the input geometry can be checked in a graphical
output facility.
-The output can be tables, illumination or luminance mapping, or visualization from any viewpoint.

Genelux
-Is the result of a European development, in some respects similar to RADIANCE in capabilities.
-The program models various sun and sky conditions, also electric lighting.
-Input of geometrical data can be via the CAD programs ArchiCad and AutoCad.
-Output includes calculation of DGI (daylight glare index).
4) physical models and artificial skies
1)Principles of physical modelling of daylight
-Scale models of buildings are used for the purpose of daylighting design all around the world.

-The main advantages of this approach is:

*Architects have used scale models for centuries as general design tools for studying various aspects of building design and
construction.
*It is a ‘soft technology’, well mastered and shared by architects and other building professionals.
*When properly constructed, they portray the distribution of daylight within the model room almost exactly as in a full-size room.
2) Sky simulators
-Sky simulators have been used for many decades for daylighting design studies.

-Their main advantage is to offer reliable and reproducible conditions that simulate external daylighting., makes it possible to
compare daylighting studies with the design

-Example
*One of the earliest sky simulators, the sky dome, already reported in the 1930s
* Illustrates the most common (and lowest cost) configuration, the mirror sky.
POE for daylight Chapter 13
Post occupancy evaluation (POE)

-When the focus is daylighting, the aim is to evaluate the lighting quality of a building from a technical point of view and from the
user’s subjective point of view.

-Architectural parameters such as view, room shape, surface reflectance's, and nonuniform luminances, alongside non-technical
factors like personal expectations and adaptive opportunities, strongly correlated with subjects' responses.

-The study highlights energy-saving behaviors, such as delaying light use when a bright daylit scene is visible through a window.

-The research's broader implication is the need for extending such investigations to diverse building types, providing designers
with practical recommendations to refine standards and incorporate post-occupancy evaluation findings, thereby ensuring that
daylighting quality is methodically considered in the design process, moving beyond intuition and chance.