PROVINCIALISM

 Farah Yousaf
 Rameen Arslan
 Wajeeha Sajjad
 Khuraim Bajwa
 Waleed Haider
 Hashir Nadeem
 Sher Khan
“If you want real freedom for the
Punjab in which every community
will have its due share, then that
Punjab will not be Pakistan, but
just Punjab, and will always
remain Punjab. Leave it to us to
decide the course of action that
we consider suitable for our
Province…Hands off Punjab”
-SIR SIKANDAR HAYAT, PUNJAB
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, MARCH
1941.
 “If we begin to think of ourselves
as Bengali, Punjabis, Sindhis,
Balochi and Pathan, etc. first and
Muslims and Pakistanis
incidentally, then Pakistan is
bound to disintegrate.”
- Quaid-e-Azam, Radio Broadcast, Dacca,
28 March 1948
“I have been a Pashtun
for 4000 years, a Muslim
for 1400 years and a
Pakistani for 40 years.”
-Wali Khan, Pashtun Nationalist in
the 1980’s
Provincialism

Provincialism means concern for

one's own area or region.

But is it good if national

integration is at risk?
How Insufficient
Resources exacerbate
Provincialism?
 18th Amendment and change in NFC

57.9% of net national revenues

would split across provinces using
the following weights:
 Population 82%
 Poverty/backwardness 10.3%
 Revenue collection 5%
 Inverse population
density 2.7%
PUNJA
The Land of the 5 rivers

B
 ECONOMIC
CONTRIBUTIONS
53%
68% Of total population

51% Of annual grain

production 61%
61%
Of total national income OfOf national
total income
employment

51% 53%
61%
Of total population
Of national income Of total employment
 The Reasons Behind These
Economic Contributions

53% 67%
Of Total Population Literacy rate

MORE OUTPUT
MORE PRODUCTION
MORE REVENUE
 Budget in Recent Years
• Over the past 5 years, budget has averaged over Rs 1 Trillion.
• Major chunks of the budget are spent on agriculture, health,
education, police force, and infrastructure.
THE PROBLEM?
• Despite getting a huge fiscal budget, Punjab has rarely ever managed to
produce revenue greater than the budget.
• Each budget is greater than the last, but the province sees a deficit each year.
KHYBER PAKHTUN
KHWA
KPK's ECONOMIC
STATUS

• 11.9% of the country's population.

• 54% literacy rate, and the third
poorest province.
• 8.8 million domestic tourists visit
the province annually (19% of total
national domestic tourist traffic).
• Agricultural sector employs 44% of
the population of the province.
• Contributes towards 10.5% of
Pakistan's GDP.
• Economic growth has increased to
3.6 times since 1972.
 BUDGET AND
REVENUE
PROGRESS
FOR KPK
• Budget for KPK has remained
in the 850-1100 billion
Rupees range since 2015.

• Revenue has been increasing

but at a gradual pace.
 Flawed Tax policy.

Disappointing annual budget, despite

increase in revenue.
ANALYSIS Unequal distribution of money by the
NFC, despite recent population surge.

Failure to reach KPK's full tourism

sector dominance.
 Sindh
 24% of total population
 32% of total GDP from which only Karachi
contributes 25%
 Literacy rate 58%
 Since 1972, GDP increased by 3.6 times
 Karachi’s 54% share in provincial economy
 federal govt. contributing 72.5% of Sindh’s
entirety.
Analysis FEUDALISM
ILLITERACY​

TENSION
CONSISTENT ACROSS
GOVERNMENT​ URBAN
RURAL-AREAS​

CORRUPT
LEADERS ​
Balochistan
 ECONOMIC
CONTRIBUTI
ONS
• 5% of the total population.
• 40% of country`s energy needs.
• 20% of energy economy.
• 3.8% of total cropped area of the country
• Almost 0.5 million people unemployed
• Lowest literacy Rate; 46%
• National production; apples (82 per cent),
peaches (69 per cent), grapes (97.6 per
cent), pomegranates (82 per cent), dates
(64 per cent), almonds (93.5 per cent) and
plums (49 per cent).
• Contributes only 8.0 percent to national
GDP.1 In FY 2015-16
 2019: 419 billion 2020: 584.1 billion 2021: 570 billion

Balochistan’s budget Major chunks of

budget were Healthcare and
over the years supposed to be
Education
vaccination
allocated in:

Infrastructure Agriculture Manufacturing, etc

Repetition
of history?
 The policies of Ayub Khan;
industrialization, modernization or
economic development gave rise to
another group i.e., industrialists in which
Bengalis had again less representation.
 Now again with all the developmental
projects going on in Balochistan, the
Balochis are not still getting any
employment or other benefit from these
projects.
Hierarchy of Representatives
Source: Provincial budgets 2019-20 (excluding District Police budgets)
 Degree of Deprivation

Punjab

25

Sindh

49

KPK

51

Balochistan

88

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Source: The Social Policy Development Centre 2005

Conclusion
Each province believes that the other is
getting more budget than they deserve,
which leads to resentment and tension
between the provinces.
But the root cause is Centralized Policies
and Incompetent Provincial
Governments.