ℍ𝕠𝕨 𝔻𝕠 𝕪𝕠𝕦

𝕡𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥
𝕄𝕖𝕒𝕤𝕦𝕣𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥
𝕤?

𝕲𝖊𝖓𝖊𝖗𝖆𝖑 𝕮𝖍𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖘𝖙𝖗𝖞 1
 • Unit of measurements give
full context to the numbers of
the property being measured.

• Obtaining numerical values

or data from experiments.

Examples: Mass: 5kg

WHAT IS Length: 100 cm
Time: 500 s
MEASUREMENT?
According to REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8799 THE SECURITIES REGULATION CODE, section 24.
 Physical QUANTITIES
FUNDAMENTAL DERIVED
• Mass (kg) • Volume (m3 )
• Length (m) • Density (g/m3 )
• Time (s) • Area (m2 )
• Temperature (K) • Speed (m/s)
• Luminous Intensity (cd)
• Electric Current (A)
•
International System of Units- system
Amount of substance (mol)
of units modified in decimal fashion
by series of prefixes.
 • VOLUME –(m )- L*W*H (3
DERIVED FQ)
QUANTITIES • DENSITY-
3
(g/cm )- m/V (4
FQ) 3

• VELOCITY- (m/s)- d/t (2FQ)

• ACCELERATION 2
– (m/s )
(3FQ) 2

It is a unit of • WEIGHT- (kg

2 2
m/s )- ma (4
measurement in the FQ)
International System of • ENERGY- (kg m /s ) (5 FQ)
Units (SI) that is derived • etc.
from one or more of the
seven base units.
 • kilo – 1000 or3 10
• hecto- 100 or3 10
• deka- 10 or 10
Common prefixes in -1
• deci – 0.1 or 10
measurement
-2
• centi – 0.01 or 10
-3
• milli- 0.01 or 10
-6
• micro- 0.000 001 or 10
Ex: 1 kg= 1000g , 100cm = 1m
Table of prefixes
 accuracy PRECISION
1 2

It refers to the It refers to how

closeness of the close each
average value to the measurement is to one
actual or true value, or another.
most probable value.
 True Value: 1.9 in % Error = EV-TV x 100%
Measurement A: 1.55 in TV
Measurement B: 1.9 in
Measurement: 1.97 in
Average: 1.81 in
Inaccurate Inaccurate Accurate &
& Imprecise but Precise Precise
INACCUR INACCUR ACCURA INACCUR ACCURA
ATE ATE TE ATE TE
PRECIS IMPRECI IMPRECI IMPRECI PRECIS
E SE SE SE E
INACCUR ACCURA INACCURA ACCURAT INACCURA
ATE TE TE E TE
PRECIS IMPRECI IMPRECI PRECISE IMPRECIS
E SE SE E
 • Digits in a measurement
that are known precisely
plus one last digit that is
estimated.
SIGNIFICANT
FIGURES
 RULE:

SIGNIFICANT 1. NON-ZERO
DIGITS
FIGURES
2. CAPTIVE
ZEROS
3. LEADING
ZEROS
4. TRAILING
ZEROS
5. FINAL ZEROS
 Ex.
1. All non-zero digits are 3
653 (No. of S.F.) = ____
significant. 4
47.23 (No. of S.F.) = ____
 Ex.
2. Zeros between non-zero 7
8400075 (No. of S.F.) = ____
digits are significant. 4
950.4 (No. of S.F.) = ____
 3. Zeros to the left of the Ex.
first non-zero digit are not 3
0.00516 (No. of S.F.) = ____
significant. They are 3
0.0600 (No. of S.F.) = ____
placeholders and are used
to locate a decimal point.
 Ex.
4. Zeros at the end of a 6
84.7500 (No. of S.F.) = ____
number and to the right 4
1.400 (No. of S.F.) = ____
of a decimal point are
significant.
 Ex.
5. All zeros after any 3
65300 (No. of S.F.) = ____
numbers from 1-9 are not 5
470230 (No. of S.F.) = ____
significant.
6. In a number expressed
n
in scientific notation ( m
x 10 where m is less
than 10 but greater than Ex.
2
3
1.20 x 10 (No. of S.F.) = ____
or equal to 1 while n is -1
3
6.75 x 10 (No. of S.F.) = ____
an exponent/integers),
the number of significant
figures is as that in the
number m.
A wash sale occurs when an investor sells
or traes a security at a loss, and within 30
days before or after, buys another one that
is substantially similar.

It also happens if the individual sells the The wash-sale rule is an

security at a loss, and their spouse or a Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
company they control buys a substantially
regulation that prevents a taxpayer
similar security within 30 days.
from taking a tax deduction for a
The wash-sale rule prevents taxpayers security sold in a wash sale.
from deducting a capital loss on the
sale against the capital gain.
1
4
5
2
4
3
 - Is a way of expressing a
number in the form of
Scientific n
(m x 10 ) where m is less
notation than 10 but greater than
or equal to 1 and n is an
integer.

-It is helpful in reposting

very large number or
very small number.
 The base should be always
10

rules: The exponent must be a non-

zero integer, it can be either
positive or negative.

The absolute value of the

coefficient is greater than or
equal to 1 but it should be
less than 10
Coefficients can be positive
or negative numbers
including whole and decimal
numbers.
 - Is a way of expressing a
rules: number in the form of
n
(m x 10 ) where m is less
than 10 but greater than
or equal to 1 and n is an
integer.

-It is helpful in reposting

very large number or
very small number.
1. If the given number is 2. If the given number is
multiples of 10 then the smaller than 1, then the
decimal point has to decimal point has to move
move to the left, and the to the right, so the power
power of 10 will be of 10 will be negatoive.
positive.
3 -3
Ex: 0.008 = 8 x 10
Ex: 8000 = 8 x 10
Under market

manipulation
 Check
multiple
sources
 Baron, an investor and promoter
from Philippines, falsely claimed to third
party media partners that he have a
promotional materials for stocks and he
can distribute it via emails with a
thousand of followers. But the problem
here is that, Baron’s list is just a hoax or
fake.

So how this type of situation can identify

as an improper matched orders?
 Effective implementation of surveillance
alerts for improper matched orders requires
capturing the following trade data:
HOW TO DETECT
IMPROPERLY
MATCHED ORDERS
1. 2. COUNTER-
TRADE PARTY DATA

DATA
SAMPLE
CASE
L o ra i n e
Perez Shaira Joanne Paladin
Destreza

Jemaica
Rimas

Rosette
Evangelista Jennifer Shaira Migo
L oz a no