LANDSLIDE CASE STUDY : HIMACHAL

PRADESH
LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESMET AND MITIGATION CEE-66670

Name: Shah Nawaz Khan

Class:- Mtech (EQDM)
Enroll. No.:- GP7874
Presented To: Dr. M.R Sadique
Landslide:-
 Landslide refers to down slope movement of surface material. Such
phenomena result from several natural causes such as rainfall, seismic
tremors, overburdening by rock material, removal of basal lateral support,
loosened soil structure, blockage of drainage etc. as well as human
induced/created causes.
 Landslide encompasses all varieties of mass movements consisting of different
types of rock fall, topple and debris flow. The failure of shear strength or
exceeding shear stress leads to down slope movement of surface material
• Out of four landslide three happens in Asia
and major part of this happens in Himalayan
Range.
According to data 20% of the
worlds landslide happens in India.
Introduction:-
 Himachal Pradesh has been the worst affected state in the country due to the floods
and landslides with officials announcing a staggering loss of Rs 7020.28 crore due to
the monsoon's devastating impact.
 The monsoon season commenced in Himachal Pradesh on 24 June. According to the
officials, the monsoon's toll stands at 257 lives lost due to a range of causes.
 “Of the 257, 66 people lost their lives due to landslides and flash floods. 191 people
lost their lives due to road accidents or other reasons. While 32 people are missing and
290 people have been injured”, the officials informed.
 Further, as per the official inputs, 1376 houses have been damaged in the state while
7935 houses have been partially damaged so far in the monsoon havoc.
 “270 shops have been damaged amid monsoon and 2727 cow sheds have been
damaged”, the officials said.
 The state witnessed 90 landslides and 55 flash flood incidents. While still nearly 450
roads including 2 National Highways are closed in the state. 1814 electricity supply
schemes are still Hampered and 59 water supply schemes are still disrupted, the
officials informed.
Himachal Floods: 257 People Died So Far; Estimated
Loss Worth Over Rs 7000 Cr
Causes of Landslides:-

Earthquake Heavy Rainfall Manmade

Causes Continue……….
 Tourism:-
 Unplanned Construction:-
• Unplanned Construction:-
• Himachal Pradesh receive around 290 cm
of rain annually but this year till date it
has crossed 320cm.
District wise Landslide prone areas in
Himachal Pradesh:-
District No. of Landslide
Chamba 133
Mandi 110
Kangra 102
Lahaul and Spiti 91
Shimla 50
Una 63
Bilaspur 37
Solan 44
Kullu 55
Kinnaur 15
Sirmaur 21
The Himalayas continue to grow due to the following reasons:
The Indian plate is still trying to continue its northward trip, pushing
the Tibetan plateau. This push is absorbed by the Tibetan plateau by
forming a thrust along the Himalayan region. This thrust causes the
mountains to rise up minutely.
The Eurasian plate could now be extending out rather than thrusting
up, and such stretching would result in some subsidence due to
gravity.
The Himalayas rise more than 1 cm a year.
The growth rate is 10 km in a million years.
• Widening of roads:
The critical angle for cutting slopes is typically around 35°-45°, but in
many areas, the angle exceeds 60°. During heavy rainfall, the soil on
these slopes loses its required shear strength, resulting in landslides.
What are the solutions :-
• Construct flood dams to store and release water gradually down
the slopes.
• Construct artificial channels to safely divert water.
• All buildings and colonies need to be investigated for their
proper design. They should be restored, retrofitted, or possibly
evacuated if they don’t comply with norms.
• Enforce proper guidelines under the law.
• Educate people about the severity of the situations.
• Ensure proper control over heavy road construction works.
• Address corruption and laziness; authorities must take necessary
action.
References:-
1. (12) Why is NORTH INDIA flooding? | Himachal floods explained by Abhi and Niyu
- YouTube
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356603887
3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298274899
4. 10 photos of devastation caused by rain fury in Himachal Pradesh - India Today
5. Himachal landslides: over 300 roads closed, thousands stuck | Shimla News - The India
n Express
6. The 14 August 2023 landslides in Himachal Pradesh, India – Eos
7. floods and landslides | Himachal rains: Another body recovered from landslide-hit area
of Shimla, 8 buildings collapse in
Kullu - Telegraph India
8. Himachal Floods 257 People Died So Far Estimated Loss Worth Over Rs 7000 Cr - BW B
usinessworld – test
9. 8 buildings collapse in Himachal Pradesh’s Kullu | Latest News India - Hindustan Times
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