TOURISM FOR CSEC

Tourism CSEC

Definitions:
 Tourist:Any person travelling for recreation,
whether on holiday or sport, health,
business, religion or family reasons. To be
classified as a tourist the individual must
stay away from his/her home for at least 24
hours but no longer than a year.
Types of Tourists

 International tourist refers to the visitor that that

crosses national borders.
 Eg. Travelling from USA to Barbados

 Regional Tourist refers to a person who travels within

his/her own region. Eg. Travelling from Trinidad to
Jamaica

 Domestic Tourist refers to a visitor travelling within

his/her own country eg. from Kingston to Ocho Rios.
Definitions: (cont’d)

Host Country: The country where to

visitor is going to:
Supply Country: The country where
the visitor is coming from. Also called
the Home Country.
Definitions (cont’d)

 Excursionist:Traveler who stays less than a

full day (24-hours) in a country.

 Economic Leakage: The term leakage is

used to refer to the amount spent on
importing goods and services to meet the
needs of tourists.
Definitions (cont’d)

 The tourism sectors spends a lot of foreign

exchange to purchase items from overseas
that’s needed in the tourism industry. For
example: food items, furniture, equipment,
machinery. These imports use a lot of the
country’s foreign exchange. Economic leakage
could be reduced if much of the things needed
for the hotel industry are purchased locally.
Definitions (cont’d) Economic Linkage
and Leakage.
 Economic Linkage:
 Whenever goods needed by the tourism industry are purchased
locally, this creates an economic linkage.
 An economic linkages occurs where one industry provides input
for another industry, therefore one is linked to the other.
 Example 1: Hotels purchase fish, crabs, lobsters, shrimp from
local fishermen in order to prepare meals for their guests.
The fishermen, in turn, gets employment and earns money.
That means that the hotel industry is linked to the fishing
industry.
Definitions (cont’d) Economic Linkage
and Leakage.t’d)
Example 2: If a restaurant purchases
ground provisions such as yam,
potatoes, bananas, tomatoes, lettuce
and cucumbers from local farmers to
use in meals for its guests, then the
restaurant has a linkage to agriculture
industry.
Definitions (cont’d) Economic Linkage
and Leakage.
Example 3: Tourists also use airlines
and cruise ships to travel to the
country and tour buses, taxis, public
buses to travel around locally once
they get to the host country. That
means the tourism industry has a
linkage with the transportation
industry.
Definitions

All inclusive hotel: A resort where

the visitor pays for his/her room,
meals, activities all in one package
for one price. The vacation is paid
for in one price before the visitor
leaves his home country.
Factors that Influence the Development in the
Host Countries (where tourists are going)

 Host Country:
 Accessibility: The Caribbean region are closely located to the main
country (USA) from which most of the tourists come. The Caribbean
countries which are more closely located to North America such as
Jamaica and Bahamas have experienced rapid tourism growth (SEE
MAP on the next slide). In addition, these countries have direct
flights to the USA , some tourists from the USA find it easy to go
there. There are good transportation connections. On the other
hand, the Caribbean countries which are located more southerly and
do not have a direct flight to the USA have experienced slower
tourism growth because they are not as easily accessible.
Map of the Caribbean
Factors that Influence the Development
in the Host Countries
 Perception of Safety and Security:
 The high crime rate in the Caribbean is a big concern to
tourists and for some the Caribbean is not appealing as it
used to be. Some of the tourists complain about tourist
harassment from locals who are usually trying to get them
to buy ganja or selling souvenirs, sand even sex. As a
consequence of this some tourists are tempted to go to
other locations.
Factors that Influence the Development
in the Host Countries
 Proper Infrastructure: Good Infrastructure is one of the main
concerns of tourists when in deciding where to visit. The country
must have a good network of roads to take them to places they want
to visit. There must be good electricity and water supplies. In
addition, there should be good phone and internet services so they
can communicate with whomever they want to. Airports and seaports
are very important for them to visit the location in the first place.
There must be good hospitals, where they can go if they get ill, and
police stations for them to seek assistance if necessary. All of these
are what make up the infrastructure of a host country. Many tourists
avoid countries where there is poor infrastructure.
Factors that Influence the Development in the
Supply Countries (where tourists are from)

 Disposable Income:
 The income that people have left after paying their bills
and taxes on a monthly basis is called disposable income.
They can spend this income as they wish. When people
have a lot of disposable income they are more likely to
take vacations, and in many cases overseas. Therefore if
people are employed and earning good salaries in their
home country/ supply country, with a lot of disposable
income, then tourism is likely to grow both in the supply
and host countries.
Factors that Influence the Development in the
Supply Countries (where tourists are from)

 Effectiveness of Marketing and Promotions:

 Marketing is the action of selling goods and services.
 Promotions is the publicizing of a product, organization, or venture so as to
increase sales or public awareness
 In order for tourism to be successful, It has to be marketed and promoted by the
host countries to overseas countries so that people will know about the destination.
 Marketing and promotions take into account advertising through the mass media and
electronic media such as television, radio, the internet ,social media. Etc.
Marketing and promotion efforts are carried out by the government agencies such as
the Jamaica Tourist Board and other regional Tourist Boards and also by the private
sector, which are private business people who own hotels and attractions. If the
marketing and promotions are effective in the supply country, the growth and
development of tourism in the host country will be promoted.
All –Inclusive Resorts
RIU HOTEL IN MONTEGO BAY
All Inclusive resorts
All-Inclusive Resorts
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country.
 Theterm Socio- cultural refers to a
combination of social and cultural factors.
 It refers to the different groups of people
in society and their habits, traditions,
and beliefs.
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country (cont’d)
 The term “social” has to do with the
quality of life of a people. “Culture” refers
to the tradition, belief and values of a
people.
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country.
 ADVANTAGE #1. Preservation of Local Culture:
 The culture of the Caribbean people is a huge
attraction for tourists. This therefore encourages
the government and tourist business interests to
make efforts to preserve, develop and support
local festivals and cultural events. For example,
government promotes the development of
carnival in Trinidad and Jamaica, Crop Over in
Barbados, Reggae Sumfest etc.
CARNIVAL
Crop Over in Barbados
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country.
 When these festivals are developed, the
local residents also benefit from them.
During carnival and other such festivals,
tourists and locals get to interact with each
other. This allows people from other ethnic
background and cultures to learn about
each other and understand each other
better. This will promote better inter-
cultural understanding.
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country.
 Eventsand festivals in which locals were
the main participants, have now been
redeveloped and in response to tourism
interests, for example, the Heritage
Festival in Tobago, which is an annual
event, was created to preserve the unique
cultural tradition of Tobago.
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country.
The festival runs for over a month in
the summer and provides locals and
tourists the opportunity to visit
various villages and experience their
way of life, language, varied oral
traditions, culture, dances, music
environment and food.
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country (cont’d)
 ADVANTAGE #2 Another example may be seen
in the preservation of cultural and historical
sites such as the Green Grotto Caves and Rose
Hall Great House in Jamaica. The preservation
of the ruins of the Port Royal earthquake in
Jamaica is another such example of cultural
and historical preservation.

Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country (cont’d)
 Tourism brings people into contact with each
other and, as tourism has an educational element,
it can foster understanding between peoples and
cultures, and provide cultural exchanges between
hosts and guests.
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country (cont’d)
 Because of this interaction, there is the chance
for people to develop mutual understanding and
sympathy for each other, and this can also help to
reduce prejudices. For example, some foreigners
may view all Jamaicans as “natives who relax on
the beach all day smoking ganja”. However, upon
visiting the island and interacting with residents,
they may find their perceptions wrong.
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country (cont’d)
Because of heavy tourist interest and
participation in local culture, historic
sites and monuments are renovated as
tourist attractions, and many local
crafts trades have been revived and
made into lucrative local industries by
tourist interests.
Socio- Cultural Advantages of Tourism on
the Host Country (cont’d)
 Themaintenance of local heritage sites
benefits the local economy as it preserves
these for the present generation to enjoy
and to make a living from and also for the
future generation have.
Port Royal
Giddy House Port Royal
Tourists in Giddy House
Local Students at Giddy House
Rosehall Great House
OLD SPANISH TOWN SQUARE
Socio- Cultural Disadvantages
 Disadvantage #1: Some locals think that the
culture of visitors from overseas are better than
their local culture. As a result off this, some
locals try to imitate foreign culture and abandon
their own. For example some locals can be heard
“twanging” when talking to tourists. Others
adopt the dress and habits and other lifestyle of
tourists. Some undesirable influences then creep
into the Jamaican culture.
Socio- Cultural Disadvantages
 Disadvantage #2
 Resentment of tourists: Some Caribbean people develop a
tourists as these residents feel that tourists
resentment for
are able to access places in their own local country that
they are unable to go to. The issue of access to public
beaches has raised contention between locals and tourism
interests in Jamaica in recent times (2018), when locals in
Discovery Bay, expressed their displeasure at the
restricted access to one of their local beaches, Puerto
Seco, which had been upgraded to cater to tourists but
restricted access to locals by charging a high entry fee,
which some were unable to afford.
Socio- Cultural Disadvantages (cont’d)

 Inaddition, local residents stated that they were

no longer allowed to take their own food onto the
facility but were now being forced to purchase
the expensive foods being sold on the beach
operators, should they need to eat while using the
facility. Locals complained that many of them
had been using the facilities since their childhood
days, only to be now side lined because of
tourism.
Rose hall Great House
Economic Benefits of Tourism

 Benefit #1 Employment:

 Tourism employs over one million persons in the

Caribbean. This is quite a substantial number of people,
and these figures reveal that there is no other industry in
the Caribbean that employs or has the potential to employ
as many persons as the travel and tourism industry. This is
especially true of large hotels that require a high staff
complement to ensure that the needs and wants of guests
are met.
Economic Benefits (cont’d)

 Some jobs in tourism are hotel managers,

entertainment coordinators, chefs, waiters,
bartenders, lifeguards, concierge, pilots,
tour operators, tour guides, flight
attendants, engineers, aircraft mechanics,
travel agents, cruise ship directors, to
name a few.
Economic Benefits (cont’d)

 For example, it worth noting that, the Sandals

properties and Beaches which are located in five
Caribbean countries employ 14,000 workers, who
largely come from in and around the local
communities in which properties are located. The
tourism industry not only creates direct
employment for those who directly interact with
the tourist, but also indirect employment, that is
jobs for people who supply goods and services to
the tourist industry.
Economic Benefits
 Benefit #2
 Government Revenue.
 Caribbean governments earn tremendous revenue
from tourism through foreign exchange earnings,
taxes such room taxes on hotels, departure taxes
for persons departing the islands by airlines, head
tax from cruise ship passengers, as income taxes,
property taxes, consumption taxes, customs
import duties on items brought into the islands
from overseas. In addition there is the
government revenue multiplier that comes from
indirect employment generated by tourism.
Challenges Facing the Tourism Industry

 Safety and Security (Crime)

 Safety and security of tourists is important for a
successful tourist operation. Tourists are considered to be
vulnerable to crime due to varying behaviour patterns,
carrying large amounts of money, lack of familiarity with
their environments, and they also tend to look different,
standing out in a crowd. Additionally, many times tourists
involve themselves in risky behaviour. Tourists are less
likely to be aware of the local laws and processes of
reporting crimes and pressing charges against criminals.
Challenges Facing Tourism

 A trained workforce: Tourism offers many jobs: Examples:

 1.Travel Agents
 2) Hotel Manager. ...
 3) Spa Manager. ...
 4) Tour Operator. ...
 5) Event & Conference Organiser. ...
 6) Tour Guide. ...
 7) Executive Chef. .
 :
Challenges Facing Tourism

 However there are concerns in the industry with the

shortage of trained workers in the industry. The tourism
industry is rapidly growing every year, as more people
travel, and with each year there is a demand for new
workers. The industry faces a severe shortage of
qualified workers, and this is not just in managerial
positions but also tour guides, front office workers,
housekeepers and bartenders.
Challenges Facing the Tourism Industry

To deal with the Problem of Crime

Government has to put in strong crime
fighting measures to curb crime in the
country and security in resorts areas to
prevent tourist harassment.
Factors that Influence the Development
of Tourism
 Developing the Infrastructure
 Infrastructure refers to the basic systems and services, such as
transport and electricity, water, communications that a country or
organization uses in order to work effectively.
 For tourism to grow and develop there must be proper infrastructure.
Without a proper road network tourists will have difficulty reaching the
various attractions, accommodations and events across the country.
 Parks, roads, water systems, hospitals, schools amongst are built or
upgraded. Beautification projects and ongoing landscape maintenance
are also some such activities that take place in local communities .
Factors that Influence the Development
of Tourism
 How Government Deals with Crime:
 Government must put policies and laws in place to deal with
crime seriously. One of the main concerns tourists have is that
they are safe in the country that they visit. So government must
enforce the law, have adequate numbers of persons in the
security forces to deal with crime. One initiative the
government of Jamaica has taken is the Zones of Special
Operation ( known as ZOSO) aimed at tackling crime in volatile
communities. When an area is declared as a ZOSO, the security
forces restrict exit and entry to the area and persons going or
coming are likely to be searched.
Factors that Influence the Development
of Tourism
Providing a Trained Workforce:

Government has to put training programmes in place to meet the demand for
skilled workers to fill vacancies in the tourism industry.