uay 8 of uevelopmenL

O 8lasLocysL parLlally embedded ln edomeLrlum

(edemaLous and hlghly vascular)
O 1rophoblasL dlfferenLlaLed lnLo cytotrophob|ast
(mononucleaLed and mlLoLlc) and syncyt|otrophob|ast
(dlffuse wlLh no cell boundarles)
O mbryoblasL dlfferenLlaLed lnLo hypob|ast and ep|b|ast
O n|ot|c cav|ty appears wlLhln eplblasL upper eplblasL
cells Lhence called an|ob|asts
uay 9 of uevelopmenL
O lmplanLaLlon slLe covered by a |br|n coagu|u
O yncyLlum becomes vaculaLed formlng |acunae (Lhus called |acunar stage)
O ypoblasL cells mlgraLe along lnner layer of cyLoLrophoblasL Lo form exocoe|e|c
(neuser) ebrane llnlng Lhe pr||t|ve yo|k sac (excocoe|e|c cav|ty)
uays 1112 of uevelopmenL
O urface defecL almosL enLlrely healed and blasLocysL forms a protrus|on ln
addlLlon Lo dec|dua react|on (polyhedral cells loaded wlLh glycogen ln
edemaLous Llssue)
O acunar neLwork forms syncyLlal cells peneLraLe deeper and erode maLernal
caplllarles (formlng s|nuso|ds) Lo esLabllsh uterop|acenta| c|rcu|at|on
uays 1112 of uevelopmenL
O ?olk sac cells (derlved from hypoblasL cells) flll Lhe space beLween cyLoLrophoblasL and
exocoelemlc membrane formlng extraebryon|c esoder
O avlLles ln Lhe mesoderm [oln Lo form Lhe extraebryon|c or chor|on|c cav|ty
O oatop|eur|c and p|anchnop|eur|c mesoderm layers dlsLlngulshed
uay 13 of uevelopmenL
O urface defecL compleLely healed b|eed|ng may be confused for mensLruaLlon
O yLoLrphoblasL cells proLrude lnLo syncyLloLrophoblasL Lo form pr|ary v||||
O ells derlved from hypoblasL form de|n|t|ve yo|k sac and porLlons of remalnlng
prlmlLlve sac form exocoe|e|c cysts ln chorlonlc cavlLy
O omaLopluerlc mesoderm known as chor|on|c p|ate Lhe mesoderm Lraverses Lhe
cavlLy only aL Lhe connect|ng sta|k (fuLure umblllcal cord)
vervlew of Lhe 2
nd
Week
3
rd
Week CasLrulaLlon
O CasLrulaLlon (mosL characLerlsLlc evenL of Lhe 3
rd
week) ls Lhe
esLabllshmenL of Lhe Lhree embryonlc germ layers ectoder
esoder and endoder
O 8eglns wlLh appearance of pr||t|ve streak eplblasL cells mlgraLe
Lowards lL deLach and sllp beneaLh lL (|nvag|nat|on)
CasLrulaLlon
O rlmlLlve sLreak ls formed from Lhe prollferaLlon and mlgraLlon of eplblasL cells Lo Lhe
medlan plane of Lhe embryonlc dlsc
O 1he sLreak elongaLes by addlLlon of cells Lo lLs caudal end whlle lLs cranlal end
prollferaLes Lo form a pr||t|ve node
O ,eanwhlle a narrow groove Lhe pr||t|ve groove appears ln Lhe prlmlLlve sLreak
whlch ls conLlnuous wlLh Lhe pr||t|ve p|t a depresslon ln Lhe prlmlLlve node
O 1he sLreak dlsappears by Lhe end of Lhe 4
Lh
week
CasLrulaLlon
O 1hose lnvaglnaLlng cells LhaL dlsplace Lhe hypoblasL form Lhe endoder
(and flll Lhe llnlng of Lhe yolk sac)
O 1hose LhaL remaln ln Lhe eplblasL form Lhe ectoder
O 1hose LhaL lle beLween Lhe ecLoderm and endoderm form Lhe esoder
1he rechordal laLe
O 1hls ls a small clrcular area of endodermal cells ln Lhe llnlng of yolk sac where Lhe
ectoder and endoder are |n contact and ls lnvolved ln forebraln lnducLlon
O 1he prechordal plaLe ls Lhe prlmordlumof Lhe buccopharyngea| ebrane locaLed aL
Lhe fuLure slLe of Lhe oral cavlLy
ormaLlon of Lhe noLochord
O noLochord ls a solld chord exLendlng Lhe lengLh of Lhe embryo lnlLlally acLs as Lhe pr|ary
|nducer ln Lhe early embryo buL laLer degeneraLes enLlrely excepL ln Lhe nuc|eus pu|posus
O ormed from prenotochorda| ce||s mlgraLlng Lhrough prlmlLlve plL Lowards Lhe prechordal
plaLe formlng Lhe notochorda| process (beLween Lhe ecLoderm and Lhe endoderm)
O rlmlLlve plL exLends lnLo Lhe process formlng Lhe notochorda| cana|
ormaLlon of Lhe noLochord
O 1he floor of Lhe noLochordal process fuses wlLh Lhe underlylng endoderm Lhe fused layers
show degeneraLlon formlng openlngs whlch laLer ellmlnaLe Lhe floor of Lhe process
O noLochordal canal (whlch ls conLlnuous wlLh Lhe prlmlLlve plL) now also communlcaLes
wlLh Lhe yolk sac cavlLy (formlng Lhe Lemporary neuroenter|c cana| aL Lhe prlmlLlve plL)
ormaLlon of Lhe noLochord
O ells of notochorda| p|ate (remnanL of Lhe process) prollferaLe and comblne Lo form Lhe
notochord cranlocaudally whlch deLaches from Lhe refllled endoderm
loacal ,embrane and AllanLols
O 1he c|oaca| ebrane resembles Lhe buccopharyngeal membrane ln sLrucLure (ecLoderm
and endoderm ln conLacL wlLh no lnLervenlng mesoderm) uture open|ng o anus
O 1he a||anto|s (also called allanLoenLerlc dlverLlculum) appears on Lhe 16
th
day as a
posLerlor exLenslon of Lhe yolk sac lnLo Lhe exLraembryonlc mesoderm only adulL remnanL
ls Lhe ed|an ub|||ca| ||gaent someLlmes lnvolved ln congen|ta| b|adder abnora||t|es
aLe ,ap of Lhe lnvaglnaLlng ells
O 1he reglon of Lhe prlmlLlve sLreak Lhrough
whlch Lhe eplblasL cells mlgraLe leads Lo an
ulLlmaLe faLe whlch has been deLermlned
and mapped ouL
O ranlal parL of Lhe node notochord
O aLeral parLs of node + cranlal parL of sLreak
parax|a| esoder
O ,ldsLreak reglon |ntered|ate esoder
O audal parL of sLreak |atera| p|ate
esoder
O audalmosL parL of sLreak extraebryon|c
esoder
O noLe LhaL Lhe exLraembryonlc mesoderm
has dua| or|g|n
O rom Lhe exocoelemlc membrane (from Lhe
hypob|ast)
O rom Lhe eplblasL cells mlgraLlng Lhrough Lhe
cauda|ost part of Lhe prlmlLlve sLreak whlch
Lraverse Lhe boundary of Lhe embryonlc plaLe
1he xLraembryonlc ,esoderm
1 rlmlLlve groove 2 rlmlLlve plL 3 rlmlLlve node
4 8uccopharyngeal membrane S ardlogenlc fleld 6 uL edge of amnlon
7 xLraembryonlc mesoderm 8 ndoderm 9 loacal membrane
hape of Lhe mbryonlc ulsk
O 1he embryo ls lnlLlally flaL and almosL round laLer lL becomes elongaLed and broader at
the cepha||c reg|on due Lo Lhe mlgraLlon of cells Lhrough Lhe prlmlLlve sLreak
O 8ecause of Lhe conLlnuous mlgraLlon of lnvaglnaLlng cells ln Lhe cephallc dlrecLlon canlal
germ layers begln dlfferenLlaLlng by Lhe mlddle of Lhe 3
rd
week whereas LhaL of Lhe caudal
layers beglns by Lhe end of Lhe 4
Lh
week hence Lhe embryo develops crad|ocauda||y
CrowLh of Lhe vlllous ysLem
O 9r|ary v|||| were formed early ln Lhe 13
Lh
day of
developmenL
O econdary v|||| are formed when exLraembryonlc
mesoderm peneLraLes Lhe core of Lhe vllll Loward Lhe
wall of Lhe uLerus aL Lhe slLe of fuLure placenLa (called
decldua basalls)
O @ert|ary v|||| are formed when some of Lhe
exLraembryonlc mesoderm cells ln Lhe vlllous cores
dlfferenLlaLe lnLo blood cells and small blood vessels
CrowLh of Lhe vlllous ysLem
O ln Lhe meanLlme cyLoLrophoblasL cells peneLraLe deeper and reach Lhe maLernal
endomeLrlumwhere Lhey esLabllsh conLacL wlLh each oLher and form a Lhln outer
cytotrophob|ast she||
O vllll LhaL exLend sLralghL from Lhe chorlonlc plaLe are ste(anchor|ng) v|||| Lhose arlslng
from Lhe sLem vllll are called ree (ter|na|) v|||| Lhrough whlch exchange occurs
CrowLh of Lhe vlllous ysLem
O 8lood vessels ln Lhe LerLlary vllll [oln Lhe blood vessels ln Lhe chorlonlc plaLe (successor of
Lhe somaLopleurlc exLraembryonlc mesoderm) and ln Lhe connecLlng sLalk whlch ln Lurn
[oln Lhe lnLraembryonlc blood vessels Lhe hearL beglns beaLlng ln Lhe 4
Lh
week
xLraembryonlc lrculaLlon